timing the ignition timing with a timing device on Evinrude, Gale and Johnson
Citro n 2CV French two horses, two horses literally, fiscal power rating was an economy car produced by the French automaker n Citro 1948-1990.
The 2CV belongs to a very short list of vehicles introduced right after World War II that remained relevant and competitive for many decades - in the case of the 2CV, 42 years.
Pierre-Jules Boulanger early 1930s of the design brief - said by some to be astonishingly radical for the time - was for a low price, a robust umbrella on four wheels that allow two peasants to drive 100 kg of farm products the market to 60 km h, in clogs and muddy unpaved roads if necessary France at that time had a very large rural population, which has not yet adopted the automobile due to the cost of car use no more 3 liters of petrol to travel 100 km the most famous, it would be able to cross a plowed field without breaking the eggs it was carrying Boulanger later also had the roof raised to allow him to drive with a hat.
Andr Lef BVRE was the engineer of the VPT Tr Small Car - Very small car project in 1939, the TPV was deemed ready and several prototypes were built These prototypes made use of aluminum or magnesium parts and had engine water cooled the seats were hammocks suspended from the roof by son.
During the German occupation of France during World War II, Michelin Citro ns main shareholder and Citro n managers decided to hide the TPV project from the Nazis, fearing a military application Several TPVs were buried in secret locations, one was disguised in a pickup, and the others were destroyed, and Boulanger had the next six years to think of other improvements until 1994, when three TPVs were discovered in a barn, it was believed that only two prototypes had survived from 2003, five TPVs are known for a long time, it was believed that the project was so well hidden that all the prototypes were lost at the end of the war, in fact, it seems that nothing hidden TPVs was lost after the war, but in the 1950s an internal memo ordered them to be scrapped TPVs the survivors were in fact hidden from management by some workers were sensitive to their historical value.
After the war, internal reports at Citro n have shown that the production of TPV would not be economically viable in view of the rising cost of aluminum in the post-war economy A decision was taken to replace most of the aluminum parts with steel parts Other changes were made, the most notable being an air-cooled engine, new seats and a restyling of the body by Flaminio Bertoni It took three years to Citro n rework the TPV and the car was nicknamed View no still not seen by the press.
Citro n finally unveiled the car at the Paris Salon in 1948. The car was exhibited almost identical to the type A version that would be sold next year, but lacked electric start adding it was decided the day before opening of the exhibition in Paris was greatly criticized despite this, he had a great impact on low-income population.
He laughed journalists, probably because Citro n launched the press advertising without car Boris Vian described the car as a rolling aberration aberration ROULANTE and the car was described as Spartan car or a can of sardines by many history has confirmed that the car was charming in many people's opinion, and a revolution in consumer transportation, at least in the French market.
The 2CV was a great commercial success in the months of it going on sale, there was a three-year waiting list The waiting list was soon increased to five years At that time, a 2CV was more opportunity expensive than new because the buyer does not have to wait for production increased from four units per day in 1949 to 400 units per day in 1950. Some of the early models were built at Citro ns factory in Slough, England but the 2CV sold poorly in Britain, partly because of its excessive cost Expecting to boost sales, Citro n introduced a fiberglass sudden release called Bijou that was briefly produced at Slough Styling of this little car was Peter Kirwan-Taylor who was better known for his work with Colin Chapman of Lotus cars, but it turned out to be too heavy for the diminutive engine to give it adequate performance.
In 1967, Citro n built a new car based on the 2CV, the Citro n Dyane, in response to the direct competition of the Renault 4 At the same time, developed the Citro n M hari off-road vehicle.
Jeep-esque derivative uncommon, called the n Yag after an Aborigine tribe, was made in Chile between 1972 and 1973. After the Chilean coup of 1973, there were 200 ns Yag left that were used by the army to patrol the streets and the Peruvian border, with guns of 106 mm.
A similar car was sold in some west African countries like Citro n Baby Bush.
A very special version of the 2CV Sahara was very difficult off-road, built from December 1960 to 1971 He had an extra engine mounted in the rear compartment and both front wheel traction and only the rear Sahara 694's were built.
The purchase price of the 2CV was always very low in Germany in the 1960s for example, it costs about half as much as a Volkswagen Beetle.
Over time, this substitute rural horse has won the favor of a new public Mavericks Europeans who protested against mass consumption culture at the time, a popular joke was that 2CV came directly from factory with atomic power - No thank you bumperstickers Owning a 2CV was like being in a club - 2CV owners waved the other on the road.
The 2CV was sold mainly in France and some European markets in the years after the war, Citro n was very focused on the domestic market, which had some unusual quirks, like the tax power steering Michelin was indulgent Citro n up 'at some point, but was not willing to commit the necessary investments in the Citro n 2CV and DS for that matter to truly compete on the world stage as a result, the 2CV suffered a similar fate to the Morris Minor Mini, selling fewer than 10 million units, while the Volkswagen Beetle, which was sold worldwide, sold 21 million units.
In Iran, Citro n 2CV was called Jian The cars were originally manufactured in Iran in a joint venture between Citro n and the National Iran until the 1979 revolution, when Iran National was nationalized, which continued production of the Jian without the participation of Citro n.
Only a few thousand of 2CV were sold in North America when they were new - the car was so small and inexpensive that the cost of transport alone, he put in a different price category and unprofitable The 2CV was built in Chile and Argentina to address this issue for south America.
The level of technology in the 2CV 1948 was remarkable for a car of any price at that time, let alone one of the cheapest cars on the planet Although the colors and detailed specifications were changed over the 42 years since the biggest mechanical change was the addition of front disc brakes in 1981 for model year 1982.
Four-wheel independent suspension which was before inter-connected to the rear side of the same under certain conditions.
Roof cloth removably full length and trunk lid - the versatility of load transport.
The body was constructed in a two-frame frame of H, a tubular frame of the airplane type, and a very thin steel shell.
The suspension of the 2CV was almost comically soft - a person could easily rock the car back and dramatically behind the rear main arm swing arm arm suspension system linked front to back with the interior front brakes have an unsprung weight much smaller than existing coil spring or leaf drawings interconnection transmitted a portion of the biasing force of a front wheel upwards over a bump, to drive the rear wheel on the same side when the rear wheel has met this bump a moment later, he did the same thing in reverse, keeping the front car at the rear This made the suspension softer, enabling the 2CV to indeed be driven at the speed of a plowed field Since that the rear brakes are outboard, additional shock absorbers or tuned mass damper were mounted on the rear wheels for amo RTIR the rebound of the wheel.
FWD is the easy and safe car to drive and Citro n had developed some experience with it because of the Traction Avant vanguard.
It was powered by an air-cooled engine flat-twin designed by Walter Becchia, with a nod to classic boxer BMW motorcycle engine, it is reported that Becchia dismantled BMW motorcycle engine Flaminio Bertoni before designing the 2CV engine.
The car had a manual transmission 4-speed, advanced function on a cheap car at the time Boulanger had originally insisted on more than 3 speeds, because he believed that four reports of the car would be perceived as complex lead by the customers as well, the fourth report has been marketed as an overdrive, which is why the first car 4 has been replaced by S for surmultipli e shifter came horizontally on the dashboard with the curved handle to the high There was a strange staggering pattern the first was back on the left, the second and third are aligned and the fourth or S may be engaged only by rotating the lever to the right from the third.
In keeping with the ultra-utilitarian design statement and rural, the roof of the canvas could be rolled completely open the Type A one stoplight, and is available only in gray The wipers are operated by a purely system mechanics of a cable connected to the transmission, to reduce costs, this also powered cable speedometer the speed of the wipers is variable with a car speed when the car waiting at the crossroads, the windshield ice are not powered, so it was also possible to feed them by hand.
The reliability of the car has been increased by the fact that, being air-cooled, there was no coolant, radiator, water pump or thermostat He had no distributor either because both spark plugs were fired at the same time on both shots Except for the brakes there were no hydraulic parts on original models as the shock absorbers were based on an inertial system.
The car also an air-cooled engine, flat-twin, four-stroke, 375 cc, with the older model notoriously low power only developing 9 bhp DIN 6 5 kilowatts An engine 425 cc was introduced in 1955, followed by 602 cc giving 28 bhp May 20 kW at 7000 rpm in 1968 with 602 cc tax classification of the car engine has changed so that it became in fact a 3 HP, but the commercial name remained unchanged engine 435 cc was introduced at the same time replacement of 425 cc, 435 cc motor car was christened 2CV 4 while the 602 cc took the name 6 2CV yet it took the name 3CV Argentina the engine 602 cc evolved 33 hp 24 kW 1970; it was the most powerful engine fitted to the 2CV A new 602 cc giving only 29 c.21 5 kilowatts at a slower 5750 rpm was introduced in 1979. Despite being less powerful, this engine was more efficient, allowing fuel consumption and better top speed, acceleration in prices has declined.
The 2CV also pioneered in the use of the now common Wasted spark ignition system, also known as ignition DIS ignition system with a double ended without coil distributor shot each turn on race exhaust and compression, just a switch.
Asked about the performance and acceleration 2CV, many owners said it went from 0-60 in one day jokingly Others said they had to make an appointment to join an interstate highway .
The latest evolution of the 2CV engine was the Citro n flat 2 Visa, a 652 cc with electronic ignition Citro n never sold this engine in the 2CV, but some enthusiasts have converted their 2CV 652 engines.
The 2CV was produced for 42 years, the model finally succumbing to customer demands for speed and safety, areas where this ancient design had fallen significantly behind modern cars.
Citro n attempted to replace the ultra-utilitarian 2CV several times with the Dyane, Visa, and AX, but its comically antiquated appearance became an advantage to the car and it has become a niche product which sold because " it was different from anything else on sale.
Although not replace the 2CV, a single urban runabout supermini, banal as the Citro n AX seemed to meet the requirements of the car manufacturer at the entry level in the 1990s.
In 1988, production ceased in France but was continued in Portugal The last 2CV, gray with chassis number VF7AZKA00LA376002, out of the Portuguese production line July 27, 1990 In all, a total of 3,872,583 2CV sedans were products including commercial versions of the 2CV, Dyane, M hari, FAF, Ami variants, the foundations of the 2CV given birth to more than nine million cars.
The 2CV was outlived contemporaries such as the Mini is out of production in 2000, VW Beetle 2003 Renault 4 1994 VW Type 2 still in production and Hindustan Ambassador still in production.
Citroen 2CV (1963) Sedan Photos Fact Sheet, .