World of Warships - Legends Naval: USS Midway - Part 2
As in an airplane, the Dyna free you from the hardness of the soil and its resonances is a free translation of the text in this case advertising Panhard.
In Part 1 of his look remarkable Louis Bionier, Gijsbert-Paul Berk Panhard described how Bionier designed scenic and dynamic Panhard in 1930 in part 2, we learn how the Dyna postwar X was developed.
There are mysteries about the origin of the post-war Panhard designed by Jean-Albert Grégoire as some French experts claim on Wikipedia or the duo Louis Delagarde Louis Bionier Panhard designing a new small car.
After being released from the French army in September 1940, Gregory returned to his small workshop in Paris Although the occupation forces were strictly forbidden to French car manufacturers to design new cars, Gregory continued to experiment and designing cars one of his projects was an electric car that has been produced as the second CGE Tudor was a very small car seating two-door four, its front wheels driven by a small twin engine cooled flat air 600cc Gregory knew he had to limit the weight of the car a minimum to obtain reasonable performance due to its experience with Alpax frame members cast for Amilcar made he contacted the management of the French aluminum company and they agreed to sponsor the construction of several prototypes in June 1942, the first vo AFG aluminum frying French Gregory was ready to test the small semi-convertible with its top canvas weighed only 400 kg, has a maximum speed of 90 km h and consumed only 4 Lite r 58 75 100 km Mpg US.
Immediately after the liberation Gregory began to show its prototype and deliver the production rights to the major French car manufacturers, but has met with limited success; while Renault war had developed their own small car, the Four Citroën has reworked their Two Horses originally scheduled to be launched in 1939 and Peugeot did not want a small car Simca, after much haggling and manipulations they even offered Gregory a Directorship and produced two prototypes Simca AFG, finally chose to continue construction of the Simca Five based on the Fiat Topolino Italian.
Panhard et Levassor acquired the manufacturing rights for the AFG drive from the French Aluminum Company, which had financed the project Their contract included the provision that Panhard must pay Gregory reasonable compensation He also gave Panhard the right to modify the construction details if mass production required different solutions.
Why buy an Panhard design dismissing Renault, Citroen and Simca.
Book well documented history of Panhard and Levasseur by Claude-Alain Sarre published in 2000 by a Paris ETAI can distill the following reasons 1 Practical Considerations It was clear to management Panhard that in post-war France it there would be no market for the kind of cars they produced until 1940. Already in 1941 and 1942, a small group of engineers and Panhard Louis Delagarde Louis Bionier with a few confidants, led by Jean Panhard eldest son Paul began the design of a small car driving the front -wheel powered by a flat-twin 350 cc engine prototype existed, but not a complete car 2 political considerations cooperation with the Company french aluminum and acquisition of AFG design use rights has given them the support of Paul-Marie Pons, deputy director of the french Ministry of Pons production was the in dustrial man behind the master plan for the French car industry after the war that bore his n ame It was clear that he really wanted to see the little car AFG produced Originally, he refused to provide Levassor steel or allow them to resume the manufacture of passenger cars, however, due to their transition to a concept used a lot of aluminum, the company was included in the Pons map.
Just as the concept of AFG Gregory, the Panhard Dyna had an engine air-cooled horizontal two-cylinder driving the front wheels, but apart from that, the chassis of Dyna is completely different from the AFG design The first Dyna series were two fans for cooling the engine.
He was the team of Louis and Louis Delagarde Bionier merge Panhard own concept with that of Gregory, for political reasons not angry Mr. Pons, they were instructed to keep a maximum design possible AFG However, Delagarde itself had designed a flat air-cooled 350 cc twin in a project for a 12 cylinder engine opposite for future use in military vehicles it expands the capacity of 610 cc and with a rate of compression 6 25 it is then produced 22 bhp 4,000 rpm, 15 bhp against the machine AFG 600 cc This motor is also mounted on the front of the front axle for driving the front wheels Delagarde chose a different arrangement powertrain Gregory the concept AFG had the gearbox behind the differential housing and the trees that have grown the front wheels similar FWD Citroen traction before Lefebvre In the Panhard design the differential housing has been placed on the back of the Delagarde gearbox chosen layout of the engine, clutch, gearbox and differential n was consistent with the engineering tradition Panhard .
Close-up of the semi-independent rear axle Panhard Dyna with torsion bars in the form of suspension units to adjust the weight difference between full load and a car with only the driver on board rear springs Dyna were steep This, combined with the relatively high load on the front means that in fast corners Dyna sometimes raised the outside rear wheel like a dog goes.
Panhard and Levassor management considered the body AFG too small for a family car and insisted that it must be bigger and have four doors this, plus costs and other disadvantages such as the transmission of vibrations motor Alpax melting AFG integrated frame, means Bionier had to redesign chassis and body side members were new frame Alpax but a sheet steel floor the wheelbase has been increased by 7 and measured 2 13m 84 of space and budget reasons one of the springs of the axle beam and torsion bar independent rear suspension replace AFG Although the new four-door body was still high quality aluminum, to create more space inside, there was 3 82 m 150 10 Furthermore, 1 44m 57 11 wider and a 53 m 6 60in a higher result was, of course it is also heavier Pa Nhard Dyna X sedan sedan had a dry weight of 550 kg 1 200 lb, 38 more than AFG two doors with its canvas roof.
The front of the first Panhard Dyna series seemed inspired by that of the car AFG Gregory But it was not first choice Bionier There was a political reason Levassor had bought the rights to produce a similar car concept AFG to get permission from the powerful Mr. Pons, to enable them to produce passenger cars.
Bionier body gave a slightly rounded roofline that underlined a certain family resemblance to the style of the pre-war Panhard Dynamic but especially improved aerodynamics This had a positive effect on the maximum and cruise speed; the new Panhard could do 100 km h, a gain of 10 on the AFG prototype Thus, the end result, the Dyna X, owed much to the entry of Panhard engineers There was actually more a concept of a Panhard AGF clone .
Gregory seems to have been very pleased with the changes to its original design in his autobiography car for 50 years, published in 1974 by Flammarion, Paris, it is extremely critical to the engine and transmission designed by Delagarde Grégoire violently attack the decision Delagarde use roller bearings as main bearings for the crankshaft and the use of the torsion bars as valve springs it considers that the engine and the gearbox which Delagarde designed unnecessarily complicated and expensive to produce he even assert that he Panhard calculated that could have saved at least 120 million 1967 francs francs, if they had kept its power train and adds that the money could have been used to invest in the development and production of a four-cylinder engine and would have prevented the Panhard takeover by Citroen.
View Phantom of the Panhard Dyna X86 Such cutaway drawing was popular to unveil the new technology available to the largest European automotive magazines cars have introduced their own artists to do the illustrations and most European car manufacturers provided these documents in the press kit introducing their latest models.
Gregory did not like the Bionier is designed coachwork Although in his book, he admits that the body of the Dyna X shows some similarity with its design when you see one AFG Dyna on the road, it looks like a sister of AFG, but a sister who suffers from cellulite.
Were Gregory acids charges caused by jealousy, his wounded pride or engineering because he was still angry against the direction of Panhard, who initially refused to pay him his dues only after a bitter legal battle, it was finally agreed that Levassor him pay 3 0 of the sale price in the first 2000 cars sold Note the total production of the Dyna X between 1947 and 1954 was 47049.
A folder in early advertising for the Panhard Dyna in a holiday frame of a bay with some boats contrast to overcrowded marinas today on the French coast.
During his first presentation at the Paris Salon in 1946 View the new Panhard Dyna X84 attracted large crowds and received a lot of positive feedback from the press and visitors Road tests of the first production models were full of praise as well, and not only those of french motoring press in its issue of April 23, 1947, the British car magazine the Motor has posted a first impression as dynamic as demonstrated remarkable pulling power and handling, combined with full accommodations for four passengers They continued to write, what we had not expected was a car with such manners grew as calm and these remarkable road holding characteristics.
However, note that the new Panhard was relatively Price 3 HP Dyna X84 costs about 40 more than the 760 cc rear engine Renault 4 CV four-cylinder that was also presented in 1946 Renault has provided a little less space interior but comparable performance and it was a body both four-door, but the price was not a big problem in the early years after the war; there was such a shortage of automobiles in France that buyers were willing to pay anything to get a new car.
Note In 1960, the new new franc franc was introduced 100 old francs value So if Gregory quoted values in 1967 he referred to the new franc, the amount equivalent to the period of development of Dyna would have been 12 000 million.
It seems that Bionier himself was not satisfied with the style of the Dyna X84 He felt that his bosses forced him to compromise because they had insisted that the car needs to look as much as possible AFG prototype.
This Panhard Dyna aims for a market customer site is clearly explained by this photo of the press kit of the factory in 1947, Christian Dior, the French Couture King, introduced the so-called new look One of its characteristics is a skirt down below mid -calf, such as that worn by the lady in the picture These long dresses new look was definitely very stylish but needed almost twice the length of the textile, that what was to use in the post-war period at the beginning, with shortages of all kinds of products and materials therefore, new outfits look were very expensive the average young woman of the French middle class could have a dream.
Indeed forward with its old style fenders and protruding headlights bore a strong resemblance to Gregory car while the passenger section, the roof and the back line were reminiscent own prewar Bionier dynamic design 1950 a face-lift added some chrome strips and included a new grid According Panhard release information, it symbolized replacing the twin cooling fans by one.
Panhard not only built passenger cars on the Dyna chassis, but a delivery van and Well quite expensive to buy, its owners evaluated for its frugal fuel consumption In addition, its small size makes it a very practical vehicle for use urban.
It was one of the improvements that have increased the engine power flat twin 28 hp, but it does not seem unlikely that the Dyna grille was inspired by recent modes of style in the US Ford and Studebaker just introduced new models with screens that had strong horizontal accents and a center like the propeller of an aircraft.
Deep in his heart Bionier would have preferred to smooth the nose like a bullet What he had in mind was called Dynavia.
VeloceToday Select Number One Grand Prix of Cuba, 1957 by David Seielstad.
French designer Louis Bionier Part 2, louis bionier, French, party.