Germany Today (French documentary about the political and economic situation in Germany)
The economy of France at the time of the industrial revolution.
The economy of France in the eighteenth century was problematic France was a great power, but not because of the degree of development in terms of level of development rather France was back from England, but due to the size geographic and demographic pure France was powerful and important in economic and political affairs of the time Although the average level in France was lower, the intellectual elite was unparalleled in Europe this shows regarding the names of personalities science, math, technology, literature and so on.
Overall though France was still a country of peasants when the industrial revolution took place in Britain in the political competition being held between France and Great Britain, France constantly lose in many ways the position of France over England was similar to the Russian Empire Soviet Union in regard to Western Europe and the United States in the twentieth century France in the eighteenth century and the Soviet Union Russian Empire in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were formidable military powers because of their size and large pool of earthen soldiers military mass was undefeatable but at sea and abroad, they were vulnerable.
France used much less coal than England and Belgium during this period This was partly due to the lack of suitable coal deposits in most of France, but there were deposits coal in the north also France could and made coal imported from England and Belgium, but used less coal because she had less industry need coal rather than vice versa, the answer seems to lie in more centralized the government authoritanian that French companies had to face first to the aristocracy oppressed business then when the aristocracy was overthrown there was the radical and turbulent political regimes to combat this delayed the development of the French industry beyond the time when the greatest profits could be made from industrialization net result is that French industry tended to be the smallest family and more controlled than the industry in the UK and Belgium Such indutry was more dependent on government protection, intends to survive rather than expanding.
Germany beat France in a six-week campaign in 1940, when Germany occupied northern France, including Paris, and put the rest of the country under the control of a fascist regime in Vichy puppet Economy french thus operates under a corporatist capitalism, the state during the war there was a resistance movement that unites all elements of the french political spectrum; Conservative, Socialist and Communist This front continued after the end of the war and there was mutual agreement that it was necessary to promote a revival of France and avoid economic stagnation that existed before the war All parties assumed that economic planning was essential for this purpose and ministry of national economy was created.
General Charles de Gaulle had been leader of Free France during the war and was elected prime minister in 1945, he immediately said he nationalize credit and electricity His government continued to coal mines , big banks, big insurance companies, power companies and gas, Air France and Renault Auto in SOEs, the government acquired the direct control over 20 percent of the industry.
This policy was consistent with the traditional policy interventionism in France While there is broad support for the role of government in the economy, there was a large number of small businesses that did not accept these measures Forehead joined the Resistance began to unravel the communists withdrew from the government in 1947 and socialists withdrew in 1949.
Jean Monnet has developed a set of objectives in 1945 that the French economy is expected to reach in 1950, in addition to achieving the target outputs Monnet called for the modernization of French industry Monnet noted that the French Government 's no means to rebuild all the French economy so he called for public investment in key economic sectors These key areas include transportation system, coal, electricity, steel and agricultural mechanization latest fuel and fertilizer were added to the formulation of the Monnet list extended to 1952, became known to the Monnet Plan.
In each key sector in the plan details the planning were left to modernization committees composed of representatives of the Planning Commission, large companies in sectors, public enterprises and trade unions, and technical experts.
These committees had no power to enforce their decisions, compliance was voluntary This process came to be known as indicative planning.
Inflation is a chronic problem in the postwar period, but has chosen not to implement price controls on statistics on the level of prices were.
Private companies generally supported the Monnet Plan because they agreed with its goals for France, but the fact that the government guaranteed bond issues in the approved sectors hurt or production targets were generally achieved and productivity gains were significant.
The wartime coalition still fragmented Rival union federations were created to counter the Communist-dominated General Confederation of Truvail When CGT CGT called on major strikes in 1947 that failed, these rival confederations gained legitimacy.
Military spending for Vietnam French Indochina and Algeria greatly affected public budgets Budget deficits have contributed to the ongoing problem of inflation persistence in inflation resulted in a grant program for companies that the have prevented develop the efficiency they need to compete internationally.
Although the French economy grew, it did not grow nearly as fast as the West German economy in agriculture in particular, was rather backward The perceived success of the Monnet Plan led to a plan for 1954- 1957 This plan was called Plan Hirsch the Monnet plan objectives was an increase of about 10 percent in key areas over a period of five years Hirsch plan called for 25 percent increases over three years in a much wider range of industries France has achieved the objectives of Hirsch plan.
Charles de Gaulle once again won the presidency in 1958, he chose a prime minister committed to planning a third plan was developed for the period 1958 to 1961 He called for an increase of 23 percent of GDP, attempted to develop an integrated program of national development and called the achievement of social objectives and except agriculture objectives of the third Plan were achieved.
The fourth plane spanned 1962-1965 The planning methodology had become very sophisticated social goals were as important as the economic and the fourth plane became the indicative planning model The establishment of the French planning has estimated that they found just the perfect medium between laissez-faire market economy and central planning in the Soviet style.
The fifth 1966-1970 plan was similar to the fourth plan called for a balanced expansion strategy Despite a near revolution in May 1968, the fifth plan goals have been achieved.
General de Gaulle was defeated in the election of April 1969 Although the French productivity has increased the increase did not correspond to that of West Germany The problem was apparently insufficient investment in both physical equipment and research and development as the scale of French schools was significantly smalled that that German institutions, even if the French government encouraged mergers and consolidations.
Agriculture remains a problem and many French farmers had little interest in efficiency and productivity.
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HISTORY ECONOMIC AND ECONOMY FRANCE, economic, economy, France, the Soviet Empire.