1970 Citroen DS 21 Pallas Start Up, Test Drive, and depth review
Citro n DS also known as D esse, or Goddess, after the initial pun in French was an automobile produced by the French manufacturer Citro n between 1955 and 1975 Citro n sold nearly 1 5 million Series D during its 20 years of DS is well known for its futuristic body design, aerodynamic, and for its innovative technology, including its hydropneumatic self-leveling suspension system.
advanced DS attainable standards of ride quality, handling, handling and braking in a car automobile journalists of the time often noted that competitors have taken decades to adjust to higher standards, he fixed lines smooth, aerodynamic body gave the car a futuristic appearance While it looked very unusual air in 1955, public tastes seem to have caught up with the DS in the post-100 era Audi Ford Taurus.
After 18 years of development in secrecy as the successor to the venerable Traction Avant, the DS 19 was introduced October 5, 1955 at the Paris Motor Show appearance of the car and innovative engineering has captured the public imagination and almost daily car industry after 743 orders were taken during the first 15 minutes of the show, and orders for the first day totaled 12,000.
Far from being a fascinating technology in search of a goal, contemporary journalists effusive note how the DS significantly pushed the envelope in the race against manipulation possible compromise in a motor vehicle.
The high price tag, however, hurt overall sales in a country that is still recovering from the Second World War 10 years earlier, and a sub-model, the ID another pun in French, e Id, or an idea was introduced in 1957 to appeal to more cost conscious buyers the ID shared the same body with the DS, but were more traditional features under the hood there was no power steering if it has been added as an option more later, and instead of the manual transmission and hydraulic clutch, there was a conventional clutch and transmission Interestingly, the first production model was called 11D, a clear reminder of the latest model of traction before, 11C a wagon variant, the wagon ID was introduced in 1958.
Outside France, the radical and cosmopolitan design of the car appealed to nonconformists An advertisement in the US summed that outlet It takes a special person to drive a special car.
Throughout its life model, the DS managed to stay ahead of its time it featured power disc brakes, hydropneumatic suspension including self-leveling system and variable ground clearance, management power and a semi-automatic transmission of a reduced fiberglass roof weight transfer front brake inboard and an independent suspension reduces unsprung weight Different routes widths front and rear tire sizes under reduced -virage typical of motor cars front engine and front wheel.
Despite the rather leisurely acceleration afforded by its small four-cylinder engine, the DS was successful in motorsports like rallying, where speeds supported on poor surfaces are paramount.
The DS came in third in the 1999 contest Car century, recognizing went to the Ford Model T and the Mini is ranked fifth on list Automobile Magazine 100 Coolest most influential automotive designs Car winner and second in the world in 2005.
History will record the DS for many reasons, including the fact that it was the first production car with front disc brakes.
The hydraulic system of the DS 19 was a hydraulic Previously revolution had been limited to the use of brakes and power steering; DS used them for the suspension, clutch and transmission The ID19 was later manual steering and a simplified electric brake system.
At a time when some passenger vehicles have caught the four-wheel independent suspension of the Traction Avant, the application of the hydraulic system to the car's suspension system to provide a real self-leveling was a great move This application - hydropneumatic suspension - pioneered the previous year on the back of upscale front-drive 15HP-H.
At first, he was often described as the suspension of air oil, since the two elements have played a key role.
Each wheel is connected to a not apparent, but to a hydraulic suspension unit consisting of.
A sphere about 12 cm of pressurized nitrogen-containing diameter.
A cylinder containing a hydraulic fluid screwed to the sphere of suspension.
A piston within the cylinder connected by levers to the suspension itself.
A membrane in the sphere prevents the nitrogen to escape from the wheel movement translated to movement of the piston, which acts on the oil in the nitrogen cushion and subject to the spring force The damping valve has took place the damper in conventional suspensions.
The hydraulic cylinder is supplied with hydraulic fluid from the main pressure vessel through a height corrector, a valve controlled by the central position of the anti-roll bar connected to the axle If the suspension is too low , high pressure introduced height corrector If this liquid was too high, he released fluid to the fluid reservoir in this manner, it maintained a constant height in a control cabin allowed the driver to select one of five heights.
Two heights a little more riding for the poor land.
The DS has no power to lift the car from the ground instead, the hydraulic system changes allowed wheel using a simple adjustable stand.
The central part of the hydraulic system as the high-pressure tank, which maintains a pressure of between 130 and 150 bars in two accumulators These batteries were very similar in the construction of the suspension of spheres One was devoted to the brakes, and the other receives the other hydraulic systems Thus, in the case of a hydraulic failure, a surprisingly rare event, is the first indication that management became heavy, followed by the gearbox does not work; only later the brakes fail.
The original hydropneumatic system used vegetable oil or hydraulic fluid LHV tale vg similar to that used in other cars when Soon n Citro changed using a synthetic fluid or hydraulic fluid synth LHS tick two of them had the disadvantage of being hygroscopic, as is the case with most disuse brake fluids allows water to enter the hydraulic components causing deterioration and expensive maintenance work hard with the hygroscopic hydraulic fluid has been exacerbated in the DS ID due to the extreme high and low liquid level in the tank, which is increased from nearly full to nearly empty when the suspension rose and 6 packs in the system liquid filled with every inhalation of fresh air laden with moisture and dust, the liquid absorbed more water in August 1967 Citro n introduced a new LHM, min or groans mineral oil based hydraulic fluid to liquid This liquid was much less aggressive on the system and it remains in use to this day.
Illegal short the US Federal law requires that the motor vehicle brake fluid to be red - an exception should be given to Citro n, LHM has since been adopted by manufacturers like Rolls-Royce, Jaguar, BMW Audi and under different labels, such as total Pentosin, and others.
LHM required completely different materials for seals using either fluid in the wrong system would completely destroy the hydraulic seals rapidly To avoid this problem, Citro n added a bright green dye fluid LHM and also painted all the elements hydraulic bright green former LHS pieces were painted black.
A plurality of hydraulic pumps were used ROs used an axial piston pump driven seven-cylinder two belts and delivering 175 bar pressure The ID19, with its simple hydraulic system had a cylinder pump.
The mechanical aspects of the gearbox and clutch are entirely conventional and the same elements were used in the ID 19.
Clutch Control This was the most complicated part speed clutch engagement is controlled.
A centrifugal governor, the rpm detection engine and the camshaft driven by a belt.
The position of the throttle valve in the carburetor I e the position of the accelerator.
The brake system when the brake has been depressed, the idle speed is dropped to a lower rotational speed to the speed of clutch engagement, thereby preventing the friction in the judgment at the speed at the traffic lights when the brake is released, the increased idle speed to the clutch dredging speed the car would then slip a bit like the automatic transmission cars This decrease in throttle position at idle also caused the car to have more drag of the engine when the brakes were applied even before the car slowed to idle speed to the speed, which prevents the engine to fire against the brakes.
The 1955 DS once cemented the Citro n brand name as an automotive innovator In fact, the DS caused a huge sensation Citro n was future fearful models are not fat enough other than variations on the 2 cylinder economy very basic car Citro n 2CV like Citro n Friend, no new models were introduced from 1955 to 1970.
The DS was a great car direction and brand extension towards the cost down was attempted, but without result Throughout the late 1950s and 1960s Citro n have developed many new vehicles to market segments very great between the 2CV and the DS, occupied by vehicles like the Peugeot 403, Renault 16 and Ford Cortina no facts to production or another, they were unprofitable construction costs, or were too ordinary cars, not high level of innovation Because Citro n owned by Michelin as a sort of corporate research laboratory, such experimentation was possible Citro n finally did introduce intelligent Citro n GS in 1970, which sold a 2 units 5 million spectacular.
While the DS has been a success in Europe, it seemed a bit odd in the US Ostensibly a luxury car, it did not the basic features that buyers of that era should find such a vehicle - fully automatic transmission , air conditioning, power windows and a fairly powerful engine DS price point was similar to the Cadillac luxury car contemporary too, people at the time wanted the newer models, which changed every year, as fashion, but the DS seemed vaguely derived from the stage in 1950 Hudson Hornet -down design.
American Outdated legislation also banned one of the more advanced functions in the car, aerodynamic headlamps, now common in cars US Ultimately, 38,000 units were sold the first year of aerodynamic glass on DS headlights and high beams turned by management, was also the first year, these characteristics have been outlawed in the United States.
The DS has always maintained its size and shape, with easily removable body panels, sluggish, but some design changes took place.
An estate version was introduced in 1958, it was known by various names in different Break markets in France, Safari and Family UK, Wagon in the US, and Citro n Australia used the Safari terms and wagon station he had a steel roof to support standard roof rails.
In September 1962, the DS has been restyled with a more aerodynamically efficient nose, better ventilation and other improvements He retained both open flagship appearance, but was available with an optional set of road lights mounted on the front wings in 1965 luxury upgrade kit, the DS Pallas after the Greek goddess Pallas was introduced This included comfort features such as better sound insulation, leather embellishments and exterior finish.
In 1967, the DS and ID was again restyled This version had a more streamlined headlight design, giving the car an appearance such as shark This design was four headlights in a smooth glass canopy, and the entire interior swiveled with the steering wheel This allowed the driver to see turn around, especially useful on twisty roads driven at high speed at night.
However, this function has not been allowed in the United States at the time see World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, so a version with four lights that are not exposed pivot was made for the US market.
The break edit, pause called Safari ID on the UK market and Family, was also updated the hydraulic fluid changed in all markets except the United States LHM Fluid Low groans technically superior hydraulics.
Rarest and most collectible of all the DS versions, a convertible was offered from 1958 to 1973, convertibles were built in small series by French Carrossier Henri Chapron for the Citro n factory Moreover, Chapron also produced some s blow, not convertibles and special plant sedan DS Lorraine example.
As with all French cars, the DS design has been impacted by the tax power system, which mandated actually very small engines.
Unlike the previous Traction Avant, there was no high-end model with a powerful six-cylinder engine The DS has been designed around an air cooled flat six on the basis of the two cylinder engine design 2CV, like the engine in the Porsche 911 technical problems forced the idea to be scrapped.
Thus, for such a modern car, the engine of the original DS 19 was as old models has been derived engine 11CV Traction Avant 11B and 11C It was an engine with four-valve cylinder head with three main bearings and coatings dry and a bore of 78 mm and a stroke of 100 mm, which gives a volumetric displacement of 1911 cc The cylinder head has been reworked; 11C had a cast iron cylinder against the current generated header and 60 hp at 3800 rpm; However, the DS 19 was a crossflow aluminum head with hemispherical combustion chambers and produces 75 hp at 4500 rpm Apart from these details, there was very little difference between the same engines studs locations cylinder head were the same, it was possible to put the head of a DS on a traction motor Before and run.
Like the Traction Avant, the DS had the gearbox mounted at the front of the engine, the differential between Thus, the DS is really a front wheel drive car before mid engine first he had a four-speed transmission and clutch actuated by a hydraulic cylinder controller to change gear, the driver deviated a lever behind the steering wheel to the next position and eased up on the accelerator pedal the disengaged hydraulic controller of the clutch, engages the designated gear, and re-engaged the control of the manual clutch transmission was less -Cost Option the ID19 later and simpler also the same gearbox and clutch, manually operated in the years 1970, a fully automatic five-speed manual and 3 speed were introduced, in addition to the four original unit speeds.
The DS and powerplants ID evolved throughout its life producing 20 car was underpowered and facing constant mechanical changes to improve engine performance four original 1911 cc engine cylinders 3 main bearing postponed for Traction Before the DS 19 was replaced in 1965 with 1985 cc engine 5 supported by the DS 19a called DS20 of September 1969.
The DS 21 was also introduced for model year 1965 It was a 2175 cc, 5 main engine bearing This engine received substantial power increase with the introduction of Bosch electronic fuel injection for 1970, which DS makes one of the first mass market cars use electronic fuel injection.
Finally, 1973 saw the introduction of the 2347 cc engine from the DS 23 in both forms carbureted and fuel injected DS 23 with electronic fuel injection was the most powerful production model, producing 141 horsepower.
ID and their variants have gone through a similar evolution, usually behind the DS about a year role models has never injected engine or fuel DS 23 The DS was offered with several options transmission, including the Hydraulic 4 semi-automatic, 4 speeds and manual 5 speeds and 3 fully automatic Borg-Warner speed fully automatic transmissions were destined for the US market, but Citro n withdrew the United States in 1972, Bestsellers year in the United States, because the rules of the road constrictive, more automatic switches, being the DS 23 EFI sedan with air conditioning, have been sold in Australia.
Citroen DS 19 (1960) features images of the information, 1960, electronic fuel injection, liquid hydraulic fluid, the main engine bearing.
1960 Frederiksberg C, Дания