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Armed groups have carried out a wave of assassinations in the center of Mali since January 2017 killings by armed Islamist groups, self-defense militias, and to a lesser extent, government soldiers killed at least 52 people have the displacement of over 10,000 people, and considerably high ethnic tensions Malian authorities should investigate and prosecute all those responsible.
Islamist armed groups over the past two years, gradually increased their presence in central Mali, where they executed civilians and government officials and other abuses Their presence, and the recruitment of local residents, ignited and exploited the tensions between the Fulani, Bambara, Dogon and ethnic groups, spawning the growth of often abusive self-defense militias.
Violence since January fueled by the explosive ethnic tensions swept central Mali, leaving dozens dead, said Corinne Dufka associate director for Human Rights Watch in Africa The Malian government should step up efforts to stop this violence by vigorously pursuing the killings and increased patrols to protect vulnerable populations.
During a 10-day research mission in Mali in February, and by phone in late February and March, Human Rights Watch interviewed 57 victims and witnesses of killings and other abuses in the Human Rights Watch Mali was the center also interviewed members of ethnic communities Peul and Bambara; former prisoners; local government, security and justice officials; and foreign diplomats.
On February 11, suspected Fulani Islamist fighters killed a shopkeeper Bambara near the town of Ke-Macina in the Segou region, 320 kilometers from the capital, Bamako This provoked reprisal killings against the Peul villagers by a militia of 'Bambara vigilante known as the Dozo, leaving at least 21 dead, including children.
On February 18, armed Islamists executed nine Bozo and Bambara traders returning from a local market for their perceived support of the Dozo Since then, at least 16 people - civilians and members of armed groups - have been killed in a growing series tIt- of for-tat attacks, Peul and Bambara villagers told Human Rights Watch that the villagers were terrified that large groups of armed men were seen driving around on motorcycles and vehicles in their villages central Mali.
While the Malian security forces have generally acted to quell ethnic violence, witnesses reported that in response to the growing presence of armed Islamists in central Mali, some soldiers executed at least eight suspected Islamists and several other victims enforced disappearance since late December 2016.
the leaders of the Bambara and Fulani community deplored the violence in central Mali for the last two years Villagers, local officials and elders of both ethnic groups have said that poverty, corruption in the public sector, security insufficient, and the lack of investigation and justice for communal violence and crime fueled recruitment by armed groups.
A leader of young Fulani, address the lack of justice for the many murders since the beginning of 2015, said in central Mali, we, the Fulani were the first jihadist victims, we also lost imams, mayors and heads the hands of jihadists, but nobody talks about this other says, so many Fulani were tortured, disappeared or killed by soldiers and the Dozo, but there is never justice for these terrible crimes.
Leader Bambara said since 2015, so many of our people were slaughtered in their farms, at home or on their way to market We reported this to the local authorities and Bamako, but what we hear are excuses for why they does not survey - the rain, danger, insufficient vehicles But in the end, there is no justice and killings keep happening.
A Fulani villagers said, to end it all, everyone has to be treated with dignity; each killing must be investigated Otherwise, if the state doesn t pay attention, people will continue to join the jihadists and their number and strength continue to grow.
Search for sources of weapons armed Islamist groups and vigilante groups, including the Dozo.
Investigate the causes of inter-communal tensions in central Mali, including government corruption underlying the resolution of tensions Herder farmers and the crucial need for civil protection against - and justice - banditry; and.
Clear recommendations for accountability, reparations and preventing further abuse.
The worsening violence in central Mali pushes the members of all ethnic groups in the dangerous cycle of violence and impunity, Dufka said that the Malian government and its allies must face this insecurity head before more The bloodshed Ke-Macina investigation is a very good place to start.
The seeds of violence In 2012, the northern regions of Mali fell to separatist Tuareg ethnic armed groups and al-Qaeda linked to military operations by the French and Malian forces since 2013, and an agreement peace 2015, sought to eliminate the presence of armed Islamist groups, disarm and other Tuareg fighters and restore state control over northern However, insecurity and violence in Mali central and southern regions formerly stable increased.
Since early 2015, an armed Islamist group called the Macina Liberation Front, or Katiba Macina, under the command of an Islamic preacher, Hamadoun Kufa Diallo attacked army bases and police stations and gendarmerie the group made several alleged informants of the military and officials, including mayors and local administrators.
Armed Islamist groups have closed schools, warned people not to cooperate with the government, the severe restrictions imposed increasingly based on their interpretation of Islam prohibits traditional celebrations, including weddings and baptisms, and Islamic Sharia imposed in some villages insecurity has led to the displacement of thousands of civilians.
Although new area of operation is largely inhabited by the Fulani, Bambara, Dogon and ethnic groups, Islamist groups have focused their recruitment efforts on the Fulani Since 2015, the leaders of the Peul community have expressed concerns group about recruiting Islamist They attributed this success to the Islamists operating community frustration with poverty, government corruption, generational conflicts within the leadership of the clan Fulani, the lack of justice for the crimes of common law, abusive conduct by Malian security services, and the inability to protect civilians banditry government.
The sparse presence of the Malian security forces in the region has also led to the formation of ethnically aligned self-defense groups, including Bambara and Dogon, near the border with Burkina Faso Bambara Several leaders said they taken security into their own hands, as in Mali security forces had failed to protect their villages and property They said the killings of armed Islamist groups many Bambara farmers, ranchers and local leaders were not investigated nor had any of those responsible been brought to account.
The sedentary Fulani communities and pastoral Bambara have long been conflicts and misunderstandings on access to water and land, however, given the proliferation of Islamist armed groups and growth and the militarization of the Dozo, these conflicts are become more and more deadly.
Communal Violence Ke-Macina The murderous communal violence on 11 and 12 February between members of the Peul and Bambara communities around the city of Ke-Macina was triggered by February 11 killing of a shopkeeper Bambara Chiaka Traoré, a fighter suspected Islamist in the village of Diawaribougou, four kilometers away the Ministry of security of Mali said 20 people were killed and 18 injured, however, the leaders of the Fulani community Human Rights Watch said the death toll could be more 30.
A witness to the murder of shopkeeper said he was killed at about 8 pm by two men on a motorcycle who pretended to buy gas at the small store they drew a pistol and shot him several times before speeding off.
Chiaka told me a few weeks before his death he had death threats Fulani bandits - they usually warn you twice, he said that the jihadists have told him if he didn t stop talking about Hamadoun Kufa and talk to FAMA Malian army, which they come to him, he said he had complained to the mayor and police, but they could not protect him.
Human Rights Watch documented 40 targeted killings of suspected informants by armed Islamist groups in central Mali since early 2015.
Witnesses said that after burying the shopkeeper, February 12, a group of about 100 Dozo, some live in the villages around Ke-Macina and other neighboring administrative areas, raided seven hamlets largely Fulani, killing residents and set fire to many houses attacked villages were Wuro Hadji Samba Wuro Botamkobé, Wuro Brahima Hadji Wuro Nona Wuro Thate, Wuro Direbé and witnesses Sampey said the Dozo were armed with shotguns and some with weapons military assault elderly resident who was wounded in the arm during the attack on his village said.
We were saddened to learn of the murder of the shopkeeper, and I went to his funeral, but unfortunately the authorities and the Dozo said we should let Thirty minutes after returning, I saw several young people in traditional dress Dozo and armed with hunting guns and Kalashnikov assault rifles coming towards us, I recognized seven of them - they were my very village.
Not to mention, they started shooting, I was hit in the arm and saw my brother and another relative fall death his 4 year old son was also shot in my village, they killed six people and injured three, then they attacked the neighboring village We lived together for a very long time - how could they have done.
A man injured in a village three kilometers gave a similar description, saying a woman and two children in his village were killed in the attack A Herder described the graves of 21 victims, including two that had been burned au beyond recognition.
Most of the dead were buried on Sunday and Monday, but on Tuesday we found and buried four other bodies, including a man and women who burned to death in their home Eleven are buried in a mass grave Ke-Macina, six others in a hamlet, and four I helped bury Some were shot at close range, some to other remote fire.
Other reprisal killings of at least 24 other people were killed in sectarian violence since January 2017 victims include members of Fulani, Bambara, and ethnic groups Bozo The attackers are suspected members of Islamist armed groups and Dozo traditional hunters.
Witnesses and elders of the two communities Bambara and Fulani said that some of these killings were retaliation for Ke-Macina violence, while others seem to be a response to the large-scale theft of livestock.
On February 18, armed Islamists allegedly arrested and killed nine traders - mostly ethnic Bozo - on the way back from the Saturday market in Niono in the region of Segou Three people having a detailed knowledge of the incident said that more than 20 heavily armed Islamists, who had been driving around the area in a beige Toyota pickup and several motorcycles, arrested the traders and their donkey carts 25 kilometers from Niono, about 4 hours, the gunmen accused complicity of traders in Ke-Macina murders, demanded to know if they had a relationship with the Dozo, then took them on the main road, hands tied behind their backs and shot each in the head.
At least 15 other people were killed in fighting between Bambara and Fulani on cattle theft Members of both communities said then that these conflicts have grown increasingly aware that competition in the pasture and farmland increased they have become much more deadly since the onset of armed Islamist groups in 2015 and the proliferation of firearms resulting they said the Islamists have repeatedly intervened in disputes on behalf of the Fulani, especially after the Fulani herdsmen had been murdered.
Around February 20, the Fulani leaders said, a group of Dozo killed three Fulani herdsmen tending their cows A leader Dozo told Human Rights Watch that on February 21, about 20 kilometers from Diabaly, 10 of our people were killed and 13 injured when we were ambushed by jihadists trying to recover our cattle it was a heavy ambush - they were really he added armed assassination has become a thing almost every day yesterday March 27 Bambara take a sick relative in the hospital were attacked two of our people were killed leaders of both communities lamented the lack of justice for the many murders.
Assassinations representatives of local governments Three local government leaders and villages in the Mopti region have been murdered so far in 2017. In all three cases, the authors arrived on motorcycles and quickly fled after killing their victims, both were ethnic Dogon Though no militant group has claimed responsibility, the three cases are similar to previous targeted killings of suspected collaborators by armed Islamists.
Mayor Boni, Hamadoun Dicko, was shot after leaving a mosque January 18 Mayor Mondoro Souleymane Ongoiba, was shot dead outside his home in Douentza January 28 Adry Ongoiba, head aged 72 Section Dogon village of Yirma, 35 kilometers Boni, was murdered March 26 at his home A witness to the assassination of Adry says.
Approximately 20 February am I heard gunshots and immediately ran outside, I saw two men running away and moments later heard the sound of a motorcycle as it sped away, I found the chief lying on back with two bullets in the head and chest There was panic, women were weeping people said the attackers spoke Fulani, and said: It is you we are looking for He was killed with an automatic weapon bullets we found that there was no local shotguns, that is sure.
The security forces of Mali Fulani villagers and Bambara reported that Malian security forces, who are responsible for the protection of all Malians, both protected vulnerable Fulani villagers and seemingly condoned violence Many Fulani leaders told they thought that the government was arming the militia Dozo.
Several residents said that after the incidents of communal violence, the military tried to calm tensions by conducting patrols, crediting the soldiers to save their lives Two former Fulani told Human Rights Watch that they believed more Fulani would be dead if the army did not deploy in the days after February 12 to further deter kill an official said, Yes, the army patrolled, but they can not be everywhere, and some villages were attacked just before or after the army had crossed.
Some Fulani villagers felt both protected and victimized by the army a man from a village near Ke-Macina said.
On Sunday evening, we were on the alert; we heard of burned villages and killed the army arrived, asking if we were okay, we said that we agreed at the moment and they continued on their way, but an hour later the Dozo arrived on motorcycles and opened fire, killing three young people and injuring two others, we tried to defend ourselves against the Dozo with our weapons locally, but the army came back and started shooting at us but later they evacuated the wounded to Ke-Macina.
Other residents questioned why the security forces did not intervene more aggressively to stop the massacre on February 12, which they said lasted several hours, the army was only a few kilometers from where all this happens and the sound of gunfire in the door really Bush, a witness said a man Fulani said he had warned the security forces and local authorities in the tense situation at the cemetery he added as soon as I left I told the authorities, the situation is hot; there are over 100 Dozo there and more to come, they are armed and talk Fama revenge must go or there will be a serious problem, but they didn t act as aggressively as they should murder lasted from 11 am to 4 pm.
Several villagers Fulani leaders and asked why members Dozo include several heads Dozo, was not retained for questioning in the days after the violence The armed Dozo who participated in the murder, there was the day where the government delegation visited the region to assess the damage and try to calm things down, a witness said they were armed Some of those who killed our people hanging out, but no one was arrested.
Fulani leaders also asked why the prohibition use of motorcycles for transportation between the villages of the Segou region, announced in mid-February by the Head of Staff Didier Dacko, as a security measure does not always seem to apply Dozo.
Gendarmes, military officials, and interviewed Dozo leaders said the ban applied to everyone, however, several Fulani said they repeatedly witnessed large groups of armed men, including Dozo, circulating in the Segou region on motorcycles A young Fulani noted, in some cases even stop Dozo villagers, ask ID search hamlets and do the work of the soldiers.
Several leaders Fulani said the use by some Dozo automatic weapons suggests that the Malian security services support, one of the army charging members have categorically denied Human Rights Watch.
Several villagers expressed concern about the proliferation of weapons and declared that civilians could easily buy them traders, including round trips in Mauritania A Bambara villagers said.
The state did not give anything Dozo, except rice and help with medical bills, but they also help Fulani villagers sometimes No, both the Dozo and even buy their Kalashnikovs Fulani The State this is not what we all usually we receive Mauritania - there is no border control or customs that we know how to go to their purchase and that we must ask.
The price of a beautiful cow, which is how much a Kalashnikov - about 500,000 CFA 800 People buy the store owners who go to Mauritania and Algeria all the time - for any reason, the army doesn t always look When their cars need a gun, whatever ethnicity you are, you put in your order, they tell you to wait several days, and your product is shipped.
Mali violations by the security forces since the beginning of 2017, Human Rights Watch documented several abuses allegedly committed by members of the Malian security forces, including summary executions of three men, the forced disappearance of six men and ill-treatment in detention of several prisoners ALLEGED violations occurred during against operations in Segou and Mopti.
Compared to previous years, allegations of ill-treatment by security forces have steadily declined, however, military and civilian justice systems have made little effort to investigate and hold accountable the soldiers involved in the violations against detainees.
Three witnesses said about 6 m 30 to 21 January, soldiers conducting an operation in the village of Yirma, in the Mopti region, detained and later executed three members of the same extended family Hamadoun ISSS Diallo, 65; Amadou Hamadou Diallo, 27; and Hamadoun Boucari Diallo, 25.
From my house, I saw three army vehicles with mounted machine guns and full of soldiers take the men away, it said another witness, the soldiers related to them and went in the same direction from which they had come to Mondoro 26 km Less than 30 minutes later, witnesses said they heard gunshots in the distance they found later, after the men unearth a shallow grave near the village Bamguel , 18 kilometers witness the footsteps of vehicles on the site, where he saw a grave, newly dug-covered tree branches and many spent casings I returned to our village to deliver the bad news.
The executions took place near Yirma a few kilometers from a similar incident a month earlier, on 19 December, when the soldiers were arrested and executed five men from the village Issèye One of two witnesses interviewed said.
Around 11 am 10 FAMA full of heavily armed soldiers vehicles took the assault Village They didn t stay long They detained the village chief and others around 16 pm, we heard gunshots, and the next morning, we found a shallow grave a few kilometers away we found the body of the head was above each had several bullet wounds there was blood, and numerous bullet casings.
Witnesses said they had informed the gendarmerie Boni murder, but a witness said, we are not aware of any investigation contacted us since that day - no one is trying to find those who killed our people imagine -you, in 2015, the chief himself was detained and tortured by the jihadists, and now he was killed by the authorities.
Human Rights Watch also documented the forced disappearance of six witnesses men said the Malian security forces detained the men during operations in January and February Witnesses had unsuccessfully sought men in several detention centers in the regions of Mopti and Segou, and even in Bamako.
Two witnesses said Ibrahim Barry, 35, was arrested in Mopti 3 February, during a meeting organized by a local NGO One witness said 10 to 30 pm two people in uniform entered the room with a list, saying they were looking for a person who had not been in our next meeting, about 1 hour 30 minutes for lunch we broke Ibrahim walked toward the door, he was forced into a white pickup by men in uniform no one has seen since that day.
Two witnesses said Boura Alou Diallo, 32, was arrested near the village of Kokoli about 23 January, and held for two days in the camp of the army Mondoro He was seen tied to a tree near the camp for two days said a witness informed me by our people that they heard gunshots inside the camp, we looked everywhere, but haven t seen a trace of him since that day.
About 17 January, four members of the same family were arrested during an army operation in the village of Tomoyi, near the town of Ténenkou A witness said the soldiers surrounded the village, made searches home, then kidnapped four men from the same family Before leaving, an officer said, do not be afraid that we will do our investigation and to return their names and approximate ages Hassan Sidibe, 53; Boubacar Sidibe, 49; Boubacar Sidibe, 30; and Yonousa Sidibé, 30.
The Malian authorities must investigate impartially such cases and the murder March 30 allegedly committed by gendarmes, Amadou Diallo Amadou Dicko in the village of Konna, 70 kilometers from Mopti Agence France Presse AFP, a spokesman saying that the army recovered weapons security forces men after attempting to attack a position of 2 m to a policeman.
However, local residents, including the mayor said that men are not armed when a resident told Human Rights Watch that two men were arrested shortly after his return to Konna about 11 p, m they had gone to the market to sell about Boni dozen cows, the resident said that we saw them arrested after buying bread in a local store We know they are traders, not rebels.
Sékou Touré, President of the Youth Association Konna and member of the village security brigade, was quoted by AFP as saying: We all know that these young people that they are not terrorists, it is just a military blunder.
Refworld Mali of killings by armed groups Spate, Mali, murder, armed.
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