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If you sometimes wonder why more efficient energy technologies will not cause more fuel-efficient cars, you should take a look at this collection of Citroën brochures most of them in foreign languages fifty sixties seventies and eighties -vingts more here here here and here.
These are all the originals, french scanned the legendary 2CV hippie car or Two Horses known as duck or goat in several European countries despite all the high technology that has been pressed into cars since then, the 1949 2CV is still more energy efficient than the smallest model of the french car designer Why today.
If we really want more energy-efficient cars, the 2CV shows us that we need not more but less technology.
The 2CV was produced from 1949 until 1990 and sold almost exclusively in Europe at the time of its introduction, the car had a displacement of 375cc, maximum output power of 8 HP-DIN horsepower and a top speed of 65 kilometers per hour 40 mph.
In 1954, the authority was given to 10 HP, which has the speed above 80 kilometers per hour 50 mph in 1974, power has increased to 24 HP, with a top speed of 102 kilometers an 63 mph hour later models have an engine capacity of 602cc, a maximum power of 30 HP and a top speed of 120 kilometers per hour 75 mph.
Despite much the performance of a near doubling of engine capacity, four times more power and a top speed almost twice the weight of the hippie car remained the same at about 500 kg sources 1, 2 3.
Today, there is not a car that even comes close to these figures the model of Citroën's smallest on the market, the C1 weighs 810 kilograms, despite the use of lighter materials Citroën C1 has a capacity 998cc of engine and a maximum output power of 68 HP, and it is 157 km per hour 98 mph.
Compared to the first 2CV models, the weight of the smallest Citroën today nearly doubled, while the top speed more than doubled and the maximum power has increased eightfold.
Surprisingly, fuel consumption has remained more or less the same C1 The consumes 4 6 liters per 100 km 61 miles per gallon, the 2CV consumed an average of 4 4 liters 64 miles per gallon.
Obviously the engine of C1 is several times more energy efficient than the engine of the 2CV, since it needed the same amount of fuel to power a vehicle much lighter and much slower.
In other words, if we apply this modern technology in a car that is as light and as slow 2CV fifties, now we drive cars that burn almost all gasoline Unfortunately, all technological progress has been consumed by more weight, more power, more speed more comfort and more electronics.
Part of the extra weight is a result of security measures Automakers still hammer it and of course more security is good, but because at the same time the speed of vehicles has increased considerably, and average speeds more elevated more serious accidents, some of this progress is denied - as the highest energy efficiency is negated by the superior performance of more, the seat belts are still the main reason why traffic deaths dropped from seventy years, and the weight of this mechanism is limited.
Another reason for the weight and the power consumption is advancing comfort and electronics The first 2CV was hardly a dashboard that was worthy of the name The vehicles had no heating or air conditioning - it there was not even a fuel gauge.
If you want to know how much fuel you have left, you had to stop and poke a gauge in the fuel tank Until the sixties, the wipers are operated by the wheels - and therefore does not work when the car is not moving unless you power them by hand.
Hum The 2CV was in fact designed by a chief engineer with Michelin, at a time when Michelin had Citroën and it was designed in Clermont-Ferrand, in the French region of Auvergne, where people always been sticklers for efficiency the 2CV was explicitly designed for poor farmers who had to use it to transport their products to market without the rear seats, it would take up a pig and driving on poor roads and slopes of this mountainous region one of the anecdotal design constraints was the height we were able to sit while wearing a hat - and the chief engineer in question itself was rather large man wearing a top hat so that the 2CV a lot of free space accordingly.
One of the main reasons why modern cars are heavier was neglected protection of the accident.
Hitting a non-deformable object to 30 mph in 2CV, and be seriously injured.
Hit one at the same rate in C1, and you will leave relatively unharmed.
Cars with better crash protection are even heavier.
Excellent article I recheck your mpg conversions because they blew up online calculators use 1 liter 22 gallons while other sites show 1 liter 26 gallons I think 22 is correct for liquids that would bring the Mpgs refers to 51 and 53 mpg, respectively.
Regardless, you make an excellent point that I have a Ford Falcon slow 1964 gets about 30 miles per gallon, which is about the same as most new American cars get.
50 mpg Technology 1940 is amazing, especially now that people are excited about Toyota Prius and the smart car that only get in the range 40-50 mpg.
Grumpy is a good point, I think the matter is, people would be willing to give up the accident protection for better gas mileage.
After all, the most important safety feature is the driver.
Sorry to send you, but there is someone who made an interesting comment on this elsewhere.
To the gentleman who pose security impact means weight of incorrect security impact is the result of good design Good design adds no weight to the vehicle Formula 1 race cars weigh as little as 440 kg and drivers often walk away from the accidents to three-digit speeds.
Just as with the engine of leaded petrol 2CV needs, new cars donated t It is also air-cooled, no cooling water Just my penny's worth.
Another important factor is the regulatory insistence that car engines produce extremely low emission levels, which unfortunately requires considerable use of high-tech materials and extensive control computer An eight-liter Bentley probably produces less pollution in virtually all the ways that the original powerhouse of high technology 2CV will be inevitable in the design of future engines but the main ideas of lightness and simplicity are certainly attractive if the public will be ready to buy vehicles that can be less safe but offer great improvements in efficiency is another question.
On the topic of efficiency and low emissions, recently I stumbled on an interesting concept for a kind of modern steam engine, other steam engines Cyclone, the maximum torque is at 0 RPM, so no transmission is necessary it doesn t need an oil change, it works on any liquid fuel, and it is the overall efficiency in diesel emissions are kept very low because it is an external combustion engine, tuned for full versions of the engine can run on industrial waste heat, solar, etc. See.
Sorry, but the leaded gasoline is not correct comment aluminum head 2CV Citroens which had seating and leaded valves in gasoline has done many things, polution, octane upped and cushioning to prevent recession the valve, but only in cast iron heads where the seats were ground directly Although the fuel octane must comply with the 3 different compression ratio in engines 602 and lead Petro additivies lead are not required.
No, no, no that's wrong If we go that route, let us not make it half a bicycle is several orders of magnitude more efficient and less polluting than a 2CV - probably more comfortable and certainly better health more his speed on a windless flat approach 35 mph - faster and more effective if it is cleverly mounted in a pack or paceline.
The only possible benefit of driving a 2CV is if you are old and infirm, or you need to carry a pig Most things that are transported in an average travel 2CV can be transported on a bicycle or in baskets or a trailer without any problem to my mind, a car for luxury travel, moving heavy loads extremely large, or very rapid travel - from the 2CV can not do these, prefer the bike well, bike carbon fiber hi-tech.
2CV from 1970 running on unleaded gasoline, can run on E85, it will cost 25 euros for the conversion The only problem is that the air-cooled engine has a CO2 level 9.
Following comments 3 conversions of energy efficiency in the article are based on the number of gallons being imperial US gallons, conversions become 4 6 l 100 km 51 1 mi gal and 4 4 l 53 100 km mi 4 gal .
easy formulas for conversions between 100 km and half are equal.
If x is 100 km, then it becomes mid gal; if x is mid gal, then it becomes 100 km.
I read so many interesting views The 2CV is a car I drive for 16 years and I think he was ahead of his time, he has a great suspension, it is fun to drive and I like how it looks, not to mention its practicality and the top of the opening However, I think a little more technology would make it more fuel efficient, a little more powerful not to show, but to overtake safely and I would like a quicker steering wheel in any case, I really like this car and I think, in many ways, it could show the way forward.
The article is interesting, but in some respects inaccurate Engine 2 HP is a worldwide leader of most beautiful, full shutdown Read LJKSetright appreciation of this little gem of an Otto cycle unit in a number magazine in the early 80 CAR, not online yet, I can see they have a lifespan of 200,000 miles so far are well maintained beyond with a little more detail a valve regrind and engineering more complies with racing technology that money makers mass product.
The reason why a modern car can move at a higher speed and come back mpg is because it was designed to do that with a relatively low drag in the air the engine is quite plain compared to the turbine as boxer of controlled 2CV dual fuel injection and ignition managed by a complex network of sensors and chips optimize the efficiency of the fear of God today, accounting loving fours online.
The intelligent and effective aspect of a 2CV is elegant design, but made using relatively few African labor costs The fact that a good many have been poorly rebuilt, many - esp RHD examples - is out factories rather Frenchly will be holding its own on anything other than highway says quite a lot for a design braking 1930s 40s, handling, comfort and ergonomics are on a different plane of my 90 VW Golf As the style and pure pleasure.
The intellect buried deep in the soul of old Citroens not only developed through engineering undergraduate courses automobiles, but still deeply philosophical practice typically French engineers had designed, developed and also ran aircraft as well as Grand Prix cars, in addition to high Bertoni Italian academic qualifications is a sculptor became an industrial designer, engineer and architect.
As a car designed to transform a horse and cart in traffic jams with more Michelin tires in it, that it was carried around the world by many and even held the altitude record for decades, directed by a French couple in the 1950s on a round the world tour until 4x4s VW plant prepared pounded for commercial purposes in 2005 speaks volumes about the enigma of the car Considered fragile, fragile and rather tacky your average head gasoline, these cars are as many Africans have shown - capable of withstanding Foreign Affairs of year examinations style Legion year.
Made around the world, Iran and Argentina to Vietnam, Belgium and Great Britain, they have become an icon for France and a French approach to life that has almost disappeared journalists ridiculed by half -witted to launch, there were nearly five years, the waiting list the plant has even offered a million francs to anyone who has managed to turn a corner in a public road Nobody said - a very low center mass and deep understanding of the suspension helped Forty-seven years later, Mercedes-Benz first front wheel drive car was turned on its side in a simple left to right maneuver left shortly after launch.
They were equipped with effective heaters from the start, but only 9hp and a top speed of about 37 mph shrugged quickly 12hp 45 mph 18 60 and 29hp in 1972. Despite the apparent aerodynamic barn doors that exit intoxicating gave a top speed of more eye-watering 70 mph on a good day, this could be closer to 80 than 70 - enough to outrage some drivers of Volvo and BMW.
Germans adapt the catalysts of non-regulated exhaust gas; emissions are so low that even running on cats carburetors Are not killed without catalysts, Dutch measured emissions for CO2 taxation European style outcome - least 120g km of the best.
One last point The car was originally designed light alloy, but the war meant it was economically unfeasible About 250 aluminum body and chassis cars decreased the production line in 1939, all welded hand - the Germans did not have deliver AEG welding machines were ordered These cars were destroyed to prevent the Germans from capturing the design when they invaded France radically cheaper, a little more elegant, if cruder, because steel has emerged after the war .
What about my beloved Citroen AX Citroen second best seller after the 2CV 640 kg From Wikipedia in 1989 AX diesel naturally aspirated, using 1360 cc engine aluminum alloy while UTD managed digit 2 7 liters per 100 kilometers 100 mpg Imp; 87 mpg US, for a total of over 1,000 miles 1,609 km from Dover to Barcelona mine has no air conditioning, power windows, even no radio, no air bags Unfortunately or ESP.
I had once Citroën Dyane 4 was essentially a 2CV with a more modern body, he had a 435cc engine it was in the 1970s in the UK.
While it was a great car to drive it certainly had the character and the technique we learned to try to never slow down because the acceleration was terrible.
He was also a terrific vehicle to keep it took real strange technology to get the brakes.
However, as far fuel economy if it were nothing fantastic The engine had to work hard most of the time he managed about 40 mpg gallon UK.
Now I have a Toyota Yaris with 1 liter engine and 45 kW power it has about 50 mpg on average I can say is because doing about 160,000 miles according to the calculator on the average card is now closer to 48,000 the gallon.
I possessed a 2CV, but rolled in a AK400 and even driving license What can I say that I liked the 2CV has always planned to buy one, but Citroen has pulled the plug before I could by a technical standard, in the end, it didn t measure up to most modern cars, but her appearance, her character, they still bring tears to my eyes now, I have a 1996 Toyota Tercel that the baby and I myself treated well, but just isn ta 2CV.
We have a car Suzuki Wagon R kei Google, a similar concept very ugly, but masses of room inside and a very high margin 660 cc three-cylinder engine, and it is 100 km by 4 53 liters, this which is 62 miles per imperial gallon Not quiet inside because the weight is trimmed everywhere, so there is little sound insulation.
My 2CV still averages over 40mpg - usually 44-49, depending on use once I managed 58mpg on a long journey to steady 55-60mph.
One of the more practical aspects is their ease of maintenance, the front wings can be removed in 10 minutes to all easily accessible mechanical repairs are unusual because of cars on engineering, although steering pivot axes except, if not lubricated regularly fast and easy to change, but, if not already bodged a lazy incompetent way.
The very intelligence and design minimalism is not suitable for reconstructions with lower quality parts - some popular replacement chassis are desperately fragile, new engines are made from poor materials and I've driven a lot of restored cars that were dogs utter to drive when you have only 29hp under your right foot, while the management, handling and ride - not to mention a box of engine power or speed undermining poor - is essential to maintain good progress.
There was never the same two cars that came off the production lines and quality materials deposited alarmingly 1980s combined with decades of use and abuse, some cars are divine while driving others encourage much invective.
I was going to nit pick, but I'm just as he is fun to watch the cars of yesteryear, no progress made me increasingly assigning to these cars that make valid the 2CV which was much needed at this then today we need our own model T, VW Beetle, Citroen 2CV that fills our needs now, not something that has met the needs of those there are 70 years in which much say straights we are now I'll mention something I had not seen mentioned that the basic components of today's vehicles are much more durable.
The beauty of the 2CV was its functionality ground clearance and large wheels appropriate for agricultural tracks I suspect that the engine torque is high compared to its power which makes it very suitable for driving at low speeds and carrying loads its headquarters and configuration door helped with the charging stand.
I live at the end of a farm track and the 2CV functionality is exactly what I want - in a peaceful modern car I t yet found.
I was stationed in France in the 60s and drove a Renault Friget I loved getting into the 2CV s I was riding a subway speed 3 cylinder 5 for many years and got 52 MPG I pulled behind my camper I wanted to bring a 2CV back to France, but could not because of mechanical brakes.
I am a 22 years old French Citroen ami8 owner ami8 is just a 2CV with a body more Aerodynamics 602cc 30hp 5.5 l 100 km drive in less than 110 kmh cheap, fun, easy to understand and repair that I want to have another vehicle, I just think we have to change our vision of transport, the question is not whether the 2CV engine is efficient or not the question is why not build cars with the same specifications but why modern technology we not need the power of new cars we do not need more than 100 km h we do not need this comfort we do not need all the gadgets you can find today in a car, we must ask what we really need to look just the Vee recubents i got one or velomobile, that's the future.
We are the proud owners of a proud 2CV 1966, which has been in the family for 28 years, we have imported the car from Belgium to Baltimore after overhaul Michelle Fornet this Beautiful work and drove home in Illinois without a It s only problem kept out of the bad winter weather to ensure the protection against salted roads, but in summer we do not hesitate to setout for a weekend trip can be a Ferrari parked next, but the fans will around the duck.
Krison on Formula 1 cars, they're so sure because the cars are mostly carbon fiber If someone develops a new way to manufacture as cheap carbon fiber that say, steel, then we can begin to tell the security and lightweight combination will be accessible to the common person, I would say that the most important for the future is to invest more in technology batteries for EV lithiom ion is not cutting with weight and low power capacity than what's needed for modern cars we have already obtained the technology to produce sustainable electricity, it just needs to be subsidized more All very doable things but as it is capitalism, you have to be the best option for the environment less than the villain's best for the pockets.
The spiritual successor to the 2CV is a Dacia Dokker I was looking for a load carrier, car seats five with a low purchase price, fuel consumption and Euro 5 ground clearance and I followed this almost from the beginning webpage .
Driving a tram in Basel, Switzerland, this week, I saw advertised problem for me is, they do not sell the UK, which is where I need it.
I have owned several 2CV; they all started always - even if the engine was filled with snow; if you drive the imaginatively i e - Can you imagine what or who appears next, remembering always that you are sitting in a can you to be relatively safe; however, the soft shell by which you are relatively well protected against the worst wind, rain and snow will not prevent your other motorists occasional meetings close the last 3 2CV were wrecked in the back, side and before by 3 I hate writing women drivers; I was not in the least evil Today I am 77 and Berlingo I sometimes wonder why I'm sitting in a lounge 4 wheel missing my old 2CV.
I drive a 1985 Charade 993cc Japanese car manual transmission 3 cylinder Daihatsu features a tachometer, speedometer, fuel and temperature gauges and a you-left-your-LOM on a flying alarm More De Tomaso.
It comes with air conditioning, but no other accessories He gets more than 50 miles per gallon in the UK with the operation of the air conditioner.
I do not know about the crash safety ratings, but where I was hit, it is the more recent plasticky car crumples I have a slight crack in my rear bumper and tooth courtesy of the hatchback door of the most powerful accident but I did not need to change the bumper, I left the single tooth as a reminder that I was stopped at a roundabout when I got stamped.
safe and defensive driving is the way forward and not greater protection or dependence crumple zones and airbags or ROW Blame energy vampire weight and the need for speed which are generally beyond the ordinary Joe's reaction time.
I like low tech It enters my skills and budget 1993 My old Sony TV remote didn t have a length of string, bamboo skewers, stiff folded cardboard and duct tape was careful to remotely change channels.
5 Comparing Car Formula 1 to road cars is a comparison of apples and oranges.
carbon fiber composites can be much stronger than steel, but with a density which is only about 1 4 than steel That is why it is used in eg formula 1 Another reason is that costs aren t much of an issue in F1.
While in the normal costs of automobile manufacturing is one of the biggest problems.
The cost of materials weight of fibers alone is significantly higher than that of steel and loose fibers are generally made in woven or bound by Stich or prepregs to 250 grams per square meter twill prepreg can cost about 32 euros per square meter and current manufacturing processes that make the best use of carbon fiber properties and provide the highest quality and processing properties of autoclave; Mainly used in aerospace, but also in F1 are labor intensive and therefore costly as general treatment costs can easily be between three and ten times the material costs.
So for most road cars, a carbon fiber body is just too expensive unless you have no choice and you need to keep weight down as in BMW i3 who must lug around a heavy battery.
Someone pointed out that the security measures have led to an increase in weight.
During a trip to 60 mph, daughter of 2CV was hit by an idiot in a BMW 5 Series, which had lost control at 80 mph and crossed to the other side of a dual carriageway Heavy BMW hit the side of the light weight 2CV driver's side impact, while traveling forward at 60 mph combined with bent steering, causing the car to roll twice before landing on its wheels My daughter is out and walked far to the BMW driver, with the intention to hit him, he was trapped in his car until the emergency services cut the roof to get out they were both taken to hospital where it has been checked and released was kept in the BMW was scrapped the 2CV was broken for spares chassis was well and still lives under another 2CV I think it was the lightness of the 2CV it is soft, long suspension travel that saved the life of my daughter impact initiated l was absorbed by the suspension and then, being lightweight, it has just been cast aside by the heavy solid BMW.
Russell G and two chevrons2 obtained about right now, we drive 2 cylinders after 1976 Citroens 2CV Club, but with the body 1950, 1975 and 1975 AK400 Minivan Mehari I owned, overall, eleven 2CV as old as immaculate end of 1954 Citroen 2CV AZ, the first with 425cc engine and with only 12 hp and the 2CV clubs in the 1980s, the 2CV engine, despite the year of its creation is remarkably designed.
Do not confuse simple with plain Aluminum heads were so finely machined do not need a head gasket, I drove and I drove all hard, accelerating hard, hard breaking and driving at full top speed for hours on the autobahn 115 kph for 2CV, Mehari 105 kph for ever ever I had an engine fail me.
The worst situation was with the first engine I had in my second Mehari I bought used in 1988 and had no idea how many miles to kilometers, he had on it after a year, he began to eat oil Not much, but significant in the fact that none of my other 2CV never consumed a drop of oil between changes I replaced the engine with another engine used from a wrecked Mehari It is still running it well zero oil consumption rooms are cheap, plentiful and easy to replace.
If any of them start to run rough, usually a spark plug wrench and two caps will do One thing I did do when I replaced the engine in the 75 Mehari with the engine Mehari was an 83 exchange, the entire transmission from the engine as a piece that gave me the disc brakes before the car later, drum brakes worked well, but the disc pads are a set of child to replace the drum brakes front inner mounting.
Yes, the old low tech car mounted inside the front brakes, allowing better cooling, less unsprung weight and greater braking surface How modern technology of cars and offer high driving one of these cars is a hoot, always a pleasure.
Others have referred to the way you have to approach driving in modern traffic Once you master this, very few people in town have all faster than you want in your much more entertaining 2CV cars new high technology are in fact boring good to get from A to B and just about anything, I know I let a lot of them over the years, I am not afraid to die in my 2CV I fear dying from boredom in a blind box.
Hello visitor time first fascinating site now bookmarked Minimization in all respects is really the key to maintaining sustainability Let's talk about increasing car weight Most people attribute to you precautions see this stand on each car site on the net when the subject is raised this incorrect Slice open a modern car of similar size and an older version of the quantity of metal is the same there is no huge difference 2 ratio 1 or similar to the amount used is how and where you place the which creates deformation zones and non-folding interiors, with a touch of different metals with different properties, all located in specific locations all this extra weight a risible amount of extras added to the car, and as fast food, McMansions and the belt line, a product of supersizing trend Just say no light Keep Keep G Ardez cheap simple.
Bought 79 400 to 29 holland 435cc brand new HP never had engine problems, led bad all the time in the city where little faster cars at traffic lights the case was to accelerate the first rate, not the clutch without dropping engine speed and pop in the second ticking of a large number of Mercedes and BMW owners with an attitude could not put the car in Canada, had to buy a sale in an instant if I could alberta canada.
How do we all open modular hardware for consumer products based on an open modular system can promote rapid innovation without the drawback of wasting energy and materials Parts of obsolete generation products can be used to design the next generation, or something completely different.
Water Power Motors tap Just before the arrival of electricity in the late 19th century, miniature hydraulic turbines were connected to the valve and could power any machine that is now driven by electricity.
cable transport Automatic goods for a bargain Before the 1940s, cable was a cargo common way, not only in the mountains but also on flat ground, with large-scale schemes, built in the Middle Ages.
The Citroen 2CV Cleantech 1940 MAGAZINE low technology, Citroen, 1940, the magazine.
1940 Люксембург