Trade Regulations Customs and standards

Professor Michael Dougan Brexit analysis of speech Theresa May

Chapter 4 Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards.
Goods imported from third countries are subject to a tax on net import business Einfuhrumsatzsteuer Net import business tax rate is the tax rate on the 19 VAT value added per cent levied on domestic products or 7 percent for certain product categories, and must be paid to the customs authority the valuation basis for the tax on net business is import value for duty called.
The turnover tax of import deals on products imported from non-EU countries may be deducted as Vorsteuer of input tax is called As a prerequisite, the company must have documents import required for proof of customs import declaration payment It is important to collect and submit all bills as originals to deduct VAT of own tax liability or refund by the German Ministry of Finance, if eligible.
US exports to the EU benefit from an average rate of only three per cent all the same, US exporters should consult the Integrated Tariff of the Community, known as TARIC Int gr Price of the Community, to identify the different rules to specific products being imported into the EU customs territory to determine whether a license is required for a particular product, check the TARIC TARIC can be searched by country, HS HS code and product description on the website interactive Taxation Directorate and customs Union TARIC online is updated daily.

The regulations of Germany and bureaucratic procedures can be a difficult hurdle for companies wishing to enter the market and require special attention by US exporters complex safety standards generally not discriminatory but sometimes zealously applied, complicate the market access for US suppliers many American products are well advised to do their homework thoroughly and make sure they know exactly which standards apply to their product and they get tested and timely certification.
For more information on existing trade barriers, please see the National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers, the USTR published and available on the following website.
Information barriers to trade in agricultural products is available on the following website.
To report existing or new barriers to trade and help to remove them, contact the Office of trade agreements and negotiations in compliance with the U or S Mission to the European Union.
TARIC Int gr Price of the Community, described above, is available to help determine if a license is required for a product Furthermore, the European Commission maintains an export assistance for information on restrictions importing various DOCTYPE languageId main products.
Many EU member states maintain their own list of goods subject to import licensing.

For example, the list of imports from Germany Einfuhrliste includes goods for which licenses are required, their code numbers, applicable restrictions, and the agency issuing the relevant license the import list also shows whether license is required under German law or the EU.
The official model for written declarations to customs is the Single Administrative Document SAD SAD describes the goods and their movement around the world and is essential for foreign trade of the EU or non-EU goods Goods brought into the EU customs territory, the time of entry under customs control until the customs formalities are completed the goods are covered by a summary statement is filed once the items were presented to customs officers, however, the customs authorities may grant a period of filing of the statement can not be extended beyond the first working day after the date on which the goods are presented to customs.
The person who brought the goods into the customs territory of the Community or by any person who assumes responsibility for the transport of goods following such entry; or.
The person in whose name the person mentioned above acted.

The summary declaration can be made on a form provided by the customs authorities, however, the customs authorities may also allow the use of any commercial or official document which contains the specific information necessary to identify the goods SAD is the declaration of the EU importer It includes customs duties and VAT and is valid in all EU Member States the declaration is made by the person who is the clearance of goods, normally the importer or his agent.
European Free Trade EFTA countries, including Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and Liechtenstein also use the information on SAD forms of export import is contained in Council Regulation EEC No 2454 93 which makes provisions for the implementation of the Community Customs code sections 205 through 221 Articles 222 through 224 provide for electronic customs declarations and Articles 225 to 229 provide oral statements.
Regulation n ° 450 2008 establishing the Community Customs Code is called the Modernized Customs Code to the adaptation of customs legislation and the introduction of the electronic environment for customs and trade This Regulation entered into force June 24, 2008 and was to be applicable once its implementing provisions were in force in June 2013 However, the modernized Customs code was revised as UCC Customs Union code before it becomes applicable the Union Customs code UCC regulations came into force in October 2013 and repealed MCC settlement its substantive provisions have entered into force on 1 May 2016.
Imported goods must be accompanied by a customs declaration, which must be submitted in writing, and an invoice in duplicate Normally, the German importer files the declaration The commercial invoice must show the country of purchase and the country of origin of goods The invoice must contain.
Furthermore, a certificate of origin may be necessary in some cases, rights and duties are subject to change and companies are well advised to check the level of decent rate shortly before carrying out any operation of export For more information, including current tariffs, please visit.
Registration of the economic operator and EORI identification.

Since 1 July 2009, all companies established outside the EU are required to have an EORI number if they wish to file a customs declaration or a summary declaration input output All US companies should use this number to their clearances an EORI number must be formally requested customs of the specific member State to which the company exports the customs authorities of the member State may request additional documents to be submitted at the same time a formal application for an EORI number once a company has received an EORI number, he can use it for exports to one of the 28 EU member states there is no single format for the EORI number once an operator is holds one, it can ask the AEO AEO EORI number see below under the MRA status, which can give faster access to certain procedures ouanières simplified.
Since 1997, U S and the EU have an agreement on customs cooperation and mutual assistance in customs matters For more information, please see.
In 2012, the US and the EU have signed a new agreement on mutual recognition procedures to ARM corresponding to associate another customs s identification numbers MCC presented the AEO AEO program known as the name of the security change This is similar to the US voluntary Customs -Trade partnership against terrorism C-TPAT program in which participants receive certification as a trusted operator AEO certification was issued by a customs authority national and is recognized by the customs authorities of all Member States as of April 17, 2017 an authorized economic operator may consist of two different types of customs simplification of licensing or safety and security first allows AEO to benefit from a simplification related to customs legislation, as it facilitates the safety procedures and the safety of navigation in a trader with AEO status could facilitate its trade benefits from an exporter include expedited processing of shipments, reduced theft los its reduced data requirements, inspection costs lower, and improved loyalty and recognition under the revised EU Customs code, for an operator to use customs simplifications, AEO authorization becomes mandatory.
The US and the EU mutually recognize security certified operators and take the status of respective member certified trusted traders favorably into account to the extent possible, the favorable treatment accorded by mutual recognition will lead to lower costs, simplified procedures and greater predictability for transatlantic business the recently signed agreement formally recognizes the compatibility of the AEO and C-TPAT, facilitating faster and more secure trade between the US and European operators the agreement is implemented in two phases the first of which began in July 2012 with the customs authorities of the United States put the deliveries from EU members AEO in a lower risk category the second phase took place in early 2013 , shipments reclassify the EU from member C-TPA T in a lower risk category identification numbers of US Customs MID are therefore recognized by the customs authorities of the EU, by setting up and execution of 58 in 2013 which amends the EU in 2454 that Regulation 93 .
More information on ARM is.

The European Battery Directive adopted in 2006 Directive 2006 66 applies to all batteries and accumulators placed on the EU market This includes automotive batteries, industrial and portable The Directive aims to protect the environment by restricting the sale batteries and accumulators containing mercury or cadmium with an exemption for emergency and alarm systems, medical equipment and cordless power tools and by promoting a high level of collection and recycling It places responsibility on producers to finance the costs of collection, treatment and recycling of waste batteries directive also contains provisions on the labeling of batteries and their removability from equipment the European Commission published a document last FAQ updated in May 2014 - to help interested parties to interpret its provisions for more information, please see our research report on the market.
Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals REACH.
REACH applies to all chemicals manufactured or imported into the EU in quantities exceeding one metric ton The regulation came into force in 2007 to 1907, 2006 and affects virtually all industries, automotive textiles REACH imposes a duty Registration for all entities involved in one metric ton criteria by 31 May 2018, the European Agency ECHA chemicals is the agency responsible for receiving and to ensure completeness of these records US companies without a presence in Europe must rely on a partner based on the EU generally is a specialized importer or only representative.
In addition to the registration requirement, US exporters should carefully consider the REACH Candidate List of SVHC SVHC and the authorization list Under certain conditions, substances on the candidate list are subject to the requirements of communication prior to export to EU companies looking to export chemicals on the authorization list require authorization list of candidates can be found in the authorization list is available.
Electronic waste WEEE Directive.

EU rules on WEEE, while requiring no specific customs or import documentation, may cause a financial obligation for US exporters Directive requires exporters to the United States to save the products concerned from to a national authority WEEE or arrange for this to be done by a local partner the WEEE Directive was revised 4 July 2012 and the scope of products covered has been expanded to include all electrical and electronic equipment the scope revised will apply from August 14, 2018 a transition period that the US has already begun exporters wishing to obtain more information about the WEEE Directive should visit.
The RoHS directive restricts the use of certain chemicals in electrical and electronic equipment It does not require any specific or customs import documents, however, manufacturers must self-certify that their products comply and affix a CE market Revisions 2011 ROHS greatly expanded the product scope rule, US exporters have until 22 July 2019 to comply products that were once excluded from US exporters framework seeking more information on the Directive RoHS should visit.
European legislation harmonizing the regulation of cosmetic products has applied since July 11, 2013 The most controversial element of the settlement was the establishment of a European system for reporting of cosmetic products to the European Commission before they are put on the single EU market established an EU entity may present such notice therefore US exporters must maintain either a person acting on their behalf, to rely on their exporting, or establishing a presence in the EU.
Phytosanitary Phytosanitary certificates are required for most fresh fruits, vegetables and other plant materials.
health certificates for products made from animal products or by-products, EU countries require that shipments be accompanied by a certificate issued by the competent authority of the exporting countries This applies regardless of whether the product is intended for human consumption, for pharmaceutical use or strictly for non-human use, such as veterinary biologics, feed, fertilizers, looking for the great majority of these certificates are uniform throughout the EU, but the process harmonization is still in progress recently, certificates for a series of highly processed products, including chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, hydrolysis products of cartilage, chitosan, glucosamine, rennet, isinglass, and amino acids are harmonized until harmonization is completed, some import requirements of Member States continue to app liquer besides the legally required health certificates from the EU, a number of other certificates are used in international trade these certificates, which can also be ha rmonized in European legislation, to certify the origin for customs purposes and certain attributes quality updated information on harmonized import requirements can be found on the following website.
In April 2006, the European Union said the US seafood inspection system as equivalent to the European Therefore, a specific public health certificate must accompany seafood shipments from the United States health certificate of the United States fishery products is a combination of the decision 2006 199 EC for the public health certificate and Regulation 1012 2012 for general model animal health certificate Unlike fisheries products, the system sanitation shellfish United States is not equivalent to that of the EU in the EU and the US are negotiating a veterinary equivalence agreement on shellfish in the meantime, the EU still has a ban in place since 1 July 2010, which prohibits the importation of US bivalve molluscs in any form, in EU territory This prohibition concerns pa s Saint-Jacques shells of wild deer off.

Since June 2009, the only competent authority U for issuing health certificates for fishery products and aquaculture is the U S Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA-NMFS.
In addition to the health certificates, all third countries wishing to export fisheries products to the EU should provide a catch certificate The catch certificate certifies that the products in question were lawfully made.
For more information on import documents for seafood, please contact the Fisheries Office NOAA at the U S Mission to the EU or visit the Web site dedicated NOAA below below.
The Bureau of Industry and Security US Department of Commerce BIS is responsible for the implementation and application of the Regulations on the Administration EAR exports, which regulate the export and re-export of commercial products, including production technology and development.
The components of the BIS are often called regulates the use as a double because they have commercial and military applications For more information about export controls is available.

BIS has developed a list of red flags or warning signs, to discover possible violations of the EAR These are displayed.
If there is reason to believe that an offense occurs or has occurred, a report to the Department of Commerce by calling the 24-hour hotline at 1 800 424-2980, or via the confidential formId lead page 14.
EAR does not control all products, services and technologies Other government agencies of the United States regulate the most specialized export For example, the US State Department has authority over defense articles and services A list of other agencies involved in export control is on the BIS website.
It is important to note that in August 2009, the President directed a broad interagency review of the US export control system in order to strengthen national security and competitiveness of key sectors of manufacturing and US technology focusing on current threats, as well as adaptation to economic and technological landscape changes accordingly, the administration launched the Initiative reform Initiative of the ECR export control that is designed to improve US national security and strengthen the capacity of the US to counter threats such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
The administration implements the reform in three phases Phase I and II reconciles various definitions, regulations and policies for export controls, while building towards Phase III, which will create a single checklist, licensing agency unique system technologies of the unified information and application coordination center.
BIS offers a variety of training sessions to exporters US throughout the year These sessions range from one to two day seminar to focus on the basics of exporting as well as more advanced topics A list of seminars future can be found at.

For more information about the Office of Industry and Security and its programs, please visit the BIS website.
For the temporary admission, it is generally advisable to purchase an ATA carnet, which allows temporary entry, free merchandise rights in more than 50 countries, and is issued by the Board in the United States for international trade appointment of the US Customs Service.
There is a wide range of European legislation concerning marking, labeling and packaging of products or with a framework law covering all the property, and no central directory that contains information about marking, requirements for labeling and packaging This overview is intended to provide the reader with a general introduction to the multitude of marking, labeling and packaging requirements or marketing tools to find in the EU.
The first step to investigate the marking, labeling and packaging legislation that could apply to a product entering the EU is to distinguish between what is mandatory and what is voluntary decisions regarding labeling mandatory labeling or packaging requirements and can sometimes be left to individual Member States also volunteers and brands or labels are used as marketing tools in some EU Member States This report mainly focuses on mandatory brands and labels seen most often in consumer products and packaging, which are usually related to public safety, health and environmental concerns or It also includes a brief overview of some mandatory packaging requirements, as well as volunteers of the most common brands or labels used in my European rch.
It is also important to distinguish between the brands and labels A trademark is a symbol or icon that appears on a product or its respective packaging These range in scope from danger signs for guidance methods recycling and disposal the intention of these brands is to provide market surveillance authorities, importers, distributors and end users of information on safety, health, energy efficiency or environmental issues a product label, on the other hand, appear in the form of written text or numerical statements, which may be necessary, but not necessarily universally recognizable labels usually indicate more specific information about a product, such as measures or a description of materials that can be found in the product as of years textiles or batteries.

APPLICABILITY OF MARKS AND LABELS AND VOLUNTEERS REQUIRED.
Other EEA countries and the European Free Trade EFTA European Economic Area.
This is probably the most widely used and recognized the marking required by the EU Found in new approach legislation a few exceptions, the CE mark shows that a product meets all the essential requirements generally related to safety, health , energy efficiency and environmental concerns or CE marking is required for the following products product families.
Protective equipment and systems in ATEX.

Each new directive approach there is a separate list of references to the harmonized European standards, the use of which provides the manufacturer the presumption of conformity with the essential requirements While other non-EU standards can be used to demonstrate compliance a product with the applicable directive s, the manufacturer must provide detailed information on the compliance process an array of standard safety warning symbols icons may also be applicable to each of the product categories above.
In 2008, the EU adopted a package of measures known as the new legislative framework that provides regulatory toolkit for new and revised legislation for the safety of EU products The framework is designed to improve market surveillance, more clearly define the responsibilities of manufacturers, importers and distributors, and clarify the meaning of CE marking on a wide range of product groups in February 2014, to align the legislation on harmonization of products with the provisions of the NLF including the decision 768 2008, the EU adopted a package of eight alignment guidelines on the revised CE these newly aligned directives will be applicable in 2016.
EQUIPMENT Electrical and Electronic WEEE.
This directive is designed to address the waste stream more rapid electrical and electronic equipment and complements measures of the European Union on landfills and waste incineration Increase recycling of electrical and electronic equipment in accordance the requirements of the Directive limits the total amount of waste going to final disposal This Directive affects the following product categories.
The symbol above must be displayed on all products covered by this Directive, and indicates that the product should not be disposed of with household waste is a mark required on batteries where this symbol can not be displayed on the device itself, it should appear on the packaging.

Directive 2010 30 EU on the indication by labeling and standard product information of the consumption of energy products and other resources by energy-related establishes a framework for the adoption of specific directives to a product on the appropriate labeling of energy efficiency for each product This 2010 directive considerably broadens the scope of energy labeling.
Suppliers must provide free of charge or product labels containing fact sheets on the consumption of electricity or other energy sources to their distributors dealers affix a visible and legible manner, and make the plug into the product brochure or other documents.
EXPLOSIVE DEVICES IN USE ATEX POTENTIALLY.
In addition to applying a CE marking for products under the ATEX Directive 2014 34 EC, it is necessary to display the brand Ex, which is a specific brand of protection against explosions Located next to the Ex mark is a symbol designating the product group or category as specified in the Directive.
The revised Directive 2014 34 EC ATEX was adopted in February 2014 as part of the New Alignment Package of legislative framework It replaced the existing Directive and became applicable on April 20, 2016.
The machines used outdoors are subject to CE marking noise emission level requirements are covered separately Example mandatory label shown above specifies the noise emission levels.

The steering wheel above mark is the equivalent of the CE marking for marine equipment It applies to equipment for use on a new EU ship, where the ship is located at the time of construction and equipment placed on board existing EU vessels, either for the first time or replace the equipment already on board it does not affect equipment already on board at the date the Directive entered into force in 1997 Directive applies to the following categories of equipment.
A revised Marine Equipment Directive 2014 90 EC was adopted in July 2014 and will be applicable on September 18 2016.
Directive 96 98 EC on marine equipment is available online.
Textile products must be labeled or marked whenever they are put on the market for production or commercial purposes the names, descriptions and details of textile fiber content must be indicated on products available to consumers, with the exception of trademarks or the name of the company, information other than that required by the Directive must be shown separately Member States may require their national language or on labeling and marking requirements by Directive.
Labels must transmit information on the top, the sock lining and insole and outsole of the footwear Information must be transmitted by means of approved pictograms or textual information as defined by the Directive.

The label must be legible, securely attached and accessible and should be provided the manufacturer or its authorized representative in the Community is responsible for supplying the label and the accuracy of the information it contains only the information provided for in Directive There are no restrictions preventing additional information is included on the label.
Containers and packaging or in some cases must bear in indelible, easily legible and visible following.
The name, business name and address of the manufacturer or the registered office or the person responsible for marketing the cosmetic product within the Community.
The nominal content at the time of packaging by weight or volume.
The date of minimum durability indicated by Best before the end, for products with a minimum life span of less than 30 months in this case, the following must appear on the packaging.
The period after opening during which the product can be safely used for the consumer, for products whose durability is less than 30 months indicated by a symbol representing an open cream jar as shown below.

The batch number or reference product, for identification.
If it is impossible for practical reasons to print on the packaging all conditions of use and special warnings, a leaflet, label or band must be provided and the following symbol must be on packaging.
Member States must establish procedures to provide the information set out above in the case of cosmetics that have not been pre-packed The product function and the list of ingredients must also appear on the container or packaging of Member States may provide that information on the label is provided in s their national or official language.
About labeling of nanomaterials in cosmetic products.
The cosmetics regulation indicates that from July 2013, all ingredients present in the form of nanomaterials shall be clearly indicated in the ingredients list and the names of these ingredients are followed by the word nano in parentheses.
Market Research Report on the EU cosmetics legislation.

New Regulation on classification, labeling and packaging of chemicals.
The labeling of dangerous substances must indicate the following.
The origin of the substance the name and address of the manufacturer or distributor.
The danger symbol and indication of danger involved in the use of the substance.
A reference to the special risks arising from such dangers.

the dimensions of the label must not be lower than a standard A8 sheet 52 x 74mm, and each symbol must cover at least one tenth of the area of ​​the Member States may require the label to use their national language in the labeling of hazardous substances When the package is too small, the labeling may be affixed in another way, the packaging of products considered dangerous that are neither explosive nor toxic may go no label if the product contains such small amounts hazardous substances there is no danger to users.
The symbols should be used if the substance can be defined as any of the following, as shown above explosive, oxidizing, flammable, harmful, irritating toxic, corrosive or harmful to the environment containers of hazardous substances should include in addition to the appropriate symbols, high triangle to alert the visually impaired their content Note that this directive has undergone many changes relating to, among others, marking and labeling of additional substances therefore it is advisable to consult all the literature.
Regulations 1272 2008 introduces a new classification, labeling and packaging requirements for chemical products based on the Global System of the United Nations Globally Harmonized United Nations GHS It will gradually replace the Dangerous Substances 65,548 EEC and Directive dangerous preparations Directive 1999 45 EC and repealing respectively in December 2010 and June 2015.
This law defines the permitted ranges of nominal quantities, container capacity and weight or volume of pre-packaged goods manufacturers are asked to note that all labels require metric units, although dual labeling is also acceptable.
The Directive requires an indication of the selling price and the price per unit of measurement on all products offered to consumers The aim is to improve the information available to the consumer and to facilitate comparison of prices This information should be without ambiguity, clearly legible and easily identifiable If advertising mentions the selling price of the item, it must also indicate the unit price for products sold in bulk, the unit price is the only element that the indication on the label is mandatory national authorities may provide alternatives for products sold by small retail businesses.

Almost all the components of the vehicle must be certified for security, as specified in the various automotive related guidance The number shown in the rectangle on the label indicates the particular Member State in which the approval process has been performed a number basic certification must be provided adjacent to this certification that four-digit number corresponding to the directive and the type of device in question the correlation number of countries is the following is not an exhaustive list.
A similar labeling is an E surrounded by a circle, which applies to the headlight lamp test lights stop lights and traffic lights turn all vehicles seeking to enter the EU market, including vehicles for consumption, the production of trucks at low volume, light and heavy vehicles, trailers, motorcycles, cranes, agricultural and forestry tractors and special-purpose vehicles and off-road.
legislation on the tire placard requires tire manufacturers to declare the fuel efficiency, wet grip and external rolling noise of tires C1, C2 and C3 tires ie mainly fitted on passenger cars, vehicles light and heavy duty.
The aim of the regulation is better information for consumers and a contribution to an efficient transport more energy policy.
The packaging of the EU packaging legislation harmonized Member State Waste Directive regarding the composition of packaging materials and packaging waste management composition of packaging materials is treated in a series of standards at EU level for the management of packaging waste through recycling targets and systems for collecting and recycling, Member States adopted the voluntary marking mentioned in the following report.
As the United States, the EU has adopted legislation to ensure control of pests in wood packaging marking used for regulated materials is based on the International Convention for the Protection symbol of conformity of plants above.

Manufacturers of containers, plates, cups, and other materials which is intended to come into contact with food are required to verify compliance of their products with the chemical safety requirements of the EU using the symbol shown above shows compliance with these requirements, it is mandatory to comply with the legislation, but the use of the symbol is voluntary.
The e-mark, shown above, acts as a metrological passport to facilitate the free movement of goods prepackaged It ensures that certain liquids and other substances have been packed by weight or volume, according to the guidelines Although compliance does is not compulsory, free movement within the EU is guaranteed for pre-packed products that are consistent with the provisions of the Directive.
Containers with an e-brand also bear an indication of the weight or volume of the product, known by its weight or nominal volume of the packer or importer, if the container is produced outside the EU is responsible ensure that containers meet the directive's requirements.
The European Eco-label enables European consumers, including public and private purchasers to easily identify officially approved green products across the European Union, Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland introduced in 1992, tag communicates to the customer that the marked products meet specific eco-friendly criteria have been developed to be applied to consumer goods and services.

The symbol may have the groups following 27 products and services.
All purpose cleaners and sanitary cleaners.
Manufacturers must be aware that similar ecological brands are often used nationally as the Nordic Swan and the German Blue Angel, shown below.
The Eco-label scheme has recently been extended to cover fish and fishery products This means that eco-labeled products were produced according to specific environmental standards.
Private eco-labels have been developed by the seafood industry to influence the purchase decision of consumers and procurement policies of retailers selling seafood to reward producers involved in fishing practices and aquaculture officials leading to a sustainable use of natural resources.

There are several eco logos and labeling systems, developed by various operators and according to different characteristics This confused situation has led to a need for harmonization and consistency In response, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization of Nations UN FAO has developed a guideline for the Eco-labeling of fish and fishery products from marine capture fisheries.
The US government has decided not to participate in the development of a fishery rather as a marketing tool NOAA has developed a comprehensive website where stakeholders, including consumers can find facts about a specific species of fish and fishing related consumers can then make their purchasing choices.
The European Commission is preparing, at the request of the European Parliament and the Council a feasibility report on options for a Union Ecolabel scale for fishery products and aquaculture Some EU Member States have already created their own national eco-label.
The Mobius loop sometimes called prosecutors arrows, based on an international standard, is found on products throughout Europe and aims to help consumers identify and participate in recycling programs for product packaging and materials Apart to be used on printed packaging, run arrows symbol is sometimes also in glass molds, metal, paper or plastic products Various types of loops indicate if the product is recyclable or recycled contains recycled materials.
The symbol above is an example of how a type of plastic may be indicated on the product Under the EU voluntary identification system for plastics, the following marks are used for types of plastics the most common Decision 97 129 EC.
There are no symbols on a European scale used to describe the nature of recyclable glass, however, it is certainly encouraged at national level with an array of symbols Both above are just a small sample of the existing total to show recyclability.

Energy Star, shown above, is a voluntary labeling program to help consumers identify the most efficient office equipment energy market, namely computers, monitors, printers, copiers, scanners and multifunction devices Energy Star can be placed on products that meet or exceed the energy efficiency guidelines Initiated by the United States, an agreement with the EU was signed in December 2000 and extended in 2006 to coordinate the tagging program in both markets the agreement establishes a common set of energy-efficiency specifications, with a common logo which is also a marketing tool.
The Green Dot system is a system in which participating agencies coordinate the collection, sorting and recycling of used packaging This system is actually administered in accordance with national packaging laws respected by packaging manufacturers, fillers, retailers and importers, and it should be noted that all the participation of national systems operate independently of the umbrella organization, Pro-Europe, is responsible for managing the labeling system Green Dot in Europe More than 460 billion pieces of packaging marked with the green dot, shown above, candidates are distributed worldwide interested should contact one of the national administering authorities.
Int gr Price of the Community TARIC is designed to show the various rules applying to specific products imported into the EU customs territory or in some cases, when exported from determining whether a product is prohibited or subject to restrictions, check for the following TARIC codes.
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
For more information on how to access the TARIC, see the import requirements and the Documentation section.

General veterinary requirements In April 1997, the United States and the EU signed an equivalency agreement on a framework to recognize each other veterinary inspection systems of the Veterinary Agreement covers over May 1 billion in exports of animal products to the United States to the European Union and equal the value of EU exports to the United States the agreement preserved most existing trade in products such as food animal, dairy and egg products All beef and pork exported to Germany for human consumption must come from slaughterhouses, cutting plants and cold storage for export to the EU since 1989, EU banned imports of beef from cattle treated with growth hormones Shortly after the ban came into effect, an agreement was concluded between States STATES and the EU that allows US beef producers from animals not treated with hormones for export to the EU under certain conditions.
Beef The beef market is largely isolated from the global market by import duties import opportunities exist, however, for certain products which are covered by fixed, relatively low prices for special quota Specifically, grants access to the European market with an annual import quota of up to 11 500 tons of beef HQB high quality from the United States and Canada, which is known as the Hilton beef quota entering the EU in the TRQ Hilton are subject to a duty of 20 percent the EU established a -Internet HQB TRQ quota duty for 48,200 tonnes of beef treated nonhormonal due 2009 Memorandum of understanding MOU to resolve the conflict beef hormones However, the share of US quota is down because the EU approved from Australia, Uruguay, and other countries use the EU has been reluctant to consider an allocation that would reserve a significant portion of the tariff quotas for the United States.
Pork selected market opportunities exist for pork imports Access to EU internal market has improved through the establishment of a tariff quota total tariff quota of 67869 MT The quota includes an allocation of 40,265 MT for fillets, boneless loins and hams boneless In addition, a 4722 MT TRQ is reserved for boneless loins and hams boneless US.
Poultry Unfortunately, the US and European negotiators have not been able to reach agreement on a number of important points in the veterinary equivalence negotiations, particularly in the poultry sector The most controversial issue is the use of pathogen reduction treatments PRTs in the poultry processing US most forms of PRT are banned in the EU EU ban on PRT effectively blocks poultry exports States STATES to the EU, which were estimated at 50 million in 1996, the specific quota United States of 21345 MT, which was agreed as compensation for the accession of 12 new member states in 2004 and 2007, is also used because of the ban.
Dairy Veterinary agreement allows US dairy exports to Germany and the EU approved establishments according to a fixed tariff From 1 April 2012, all shipments of dairy products that need EU health certificates must comply with new certification requirements regarding number of EU CSC somatic cell counting requirements of standard plates which reflect sampling at farm level and should be accompanied by a updated certificate of compliance the EU requires attestation and certification to SCC requirements do not exceed 400,000 cells ml the requirement of the EU CSC is not a public health problem, but a problem of quality EU argues that the SCC requirements are a welfare indicator of animal health but also speculated over the T-TIP negotiations that SCC is a quality parameter ed the maximum CCS for US milk category is 750,000 ml cells and is included in the pasteurized model order of the US milk continue to bind the European Union on their demand for SCC and stressing of the fact that the requirement is not a public health problem.
Animal feed in the EU pet food is not regulated by specific legislation Legislation on the marketing of food to EU animal covers food for pets, as well as food for other animals for food animals is often also subject to veterinary legislation of the EU, which has a different product coverage than the legislation on the marketing of animal feed veterinary legislation covering animal products and straw hay that they present a risk of spread of animal diseases EU approach to deal with these risks is a mandatory notification system for sending and entry inspection port and product approval the establishment and export certification in the country of origin of specific certification rules have been dev eloppés for different product groups, including animal by-products produced by EU animal legislation contains several certificates required for the expedition successfully feed with original animal ingredients All exports food for US animals in the EU must comply w ith the EU requirements which include the rules on labeling, hygiene, animal health, certification and the use of US food exporters animals additives must verify all import requirements with their EU customers final import permit is subject to the rules of the importing country as interpreted by border authorities at the time of entry of the product please see the following link for more information Pet Food Exports to the EU.

Plant Health As part of the exercise of the single market, phytosanitary regulations in the 28 EU Member States have been harmonized harmonized maximum levels are governed by EC Regulation No 396 2005 of the European Parliament and the Council and is entered into force in September 2008 the EU has managed to reduce the number of phytosanitary restrictions and new marketing opportunities were created for horticultural phytosanitary certificates US exports are needed for the most imported fresh fruits, vegetables and other plant material regarding the use of packaging materials made of solid wood SWPM, it is important to note that the European Union requires all SWPM be either heat treated or fumigated since 1 July 2009 in addition to these processing requirements, the material must be free of bark EU scientists fear that evil SWPM treated is at risk reinfection international standards for plant protection, as agreed by the United States do not require t he lack of bark Exporters should carefully track the status of EU import requirements to avoid problems to EU port of entry.
Horticultural Germany is an important market for horticultural products in the United States The main products include almonds, walnuts, pistachios, prunes, raisins, cranberries, citrus fruits and pears horticultural products entering Germany face a number of import restrictions Besides considerable rates vary by product, tomato imports products selected fresh, cucumbers, artichokes, courgettes, citrus, table grapes, apples, pears, apricots, sweet cherries, peaches, nectarines and plums are subject to seasonal tariffs entry price system in such a system, imports have equal or higher price than the respective entry prices are evaluated only ad rights valorem appropriate imports, which have a lower price, but within a certain range the entry price, are valued ad valorem duty plus a specific law which is the difference between the import price and the entry price within a certain range usually means eight percent of the import entry price with a pri EC over 8 below the price entry are assessed on ad valorem duty plus a very important specific law known as the tariff equivalent which usually takes the cost of import prices of the product and the fees well above the entry price.
Apples In 2009, the EU removed Diphenylamine DPA as a plant protection product authorized for use in the EU Subsequently, the EU has established an MRL maximum residue limit of 1 ppm 0 ppm for CCA on apples and pears This MRL was implemented March 2, 2014, and affects both domestic and imported the MRL will be reviewed two years after the implementation date, however, the MRL 0 1 ppm severely limits the use of CCA on US products to the EU This low MRLs could also lead to rejection of untreated fruit because of accidental cross-contamination during handling and storage without the use of CCA or MRL viable, which allows for cross-contamination, the European market is significantly limited for apple US exports the United States and Codex have a harmonized standard of 10 ppm for apples and s pears 5 ppm for analysis of EU residues for CCA apples falling into the multiannual control program and coordinated the EU to ensure maximum compliance re Sidiou levels of pesticides and to assess consumer exposure to pesticide residues in and on food of plant and animal origin in the EU.
Organic products Organic Equivalence US-EU Agreement has entered into force on 1 June 2012 The United States and the EU have recognized the other rules of organic production s and equivalent control systems under their respective rules organic products certified for organic USDA standards can be sold and labeled as organic in the EU as the USDA organic label and the EU organic logo can be used on goods traded under this arrangement When use the organic logo of the EU, exporters must meet all labeling requirements.
Ready to cook products Imports of food products ready for consumption in Germany face numerous restrictions on access to food markets and laws strict addition to import duty bound, the EU has set up a complex system protective measures at the border for food products According to the world market situation for basic agricultural products, such as dairy products, sugar and cereals, the European flexible pricing mechanism may require varying rights to imports to protect European food ready for consumption of imports with low prices of inputs therefore repeatedly processed products entering the EU are subject to additional charges to imports based on the percentage of sugar, material milk fat, milk protein and starch contained in the product These costs additio usiness import did many non-competitive imported processed food products in the EU market reports on the German retail and dining areas are available in the reports to attach.
Agricultural Commodity Associations active in Germany A number of US agricultural products and other professional associations organize market development programs in Germany In some cases, these associations maintain local offices in Germany, while others may have a representative commercial or public relations firm representing their interests Others can cover Germany or elsewhere in Europe with offices in the US USDA-operated access program WFP markets and market development of Foreign Affairs FMD provide part of the financing of these associations market development programs for more information on the map and FMD program or learn more about the associations are active in Germany, please contact the Office of agricultural Affairs at the Embassy of the United States in Berlin.

The following provides information on the key regulatory efforts of the EC Taxation and Customs Union Directorate.
The Customs Union UCC code was adopted in 2013 and its substantive provisions applicable from 1 May 2016, it replaces the CCC Community Customs Code In addition to the UCC, the European Commission published delegated and implementing regulations changes actual procedure These are included in Delegated EU Regulation 2015 2446, EU Regulation 341 Delegated 2015 and 2016 Regulations of the EU in 2447.
There are a number of changes in the revised customs policy that also require an integrated computer system of the customs authorities in April 2016, the European Commission issued a decision to issue implementing 2016 578 of the work program relating to the development and the deployment of the electronic systems of the UCC.
Home of the Customs Union and Taxation Directorate TAXUD Website.
Customs value Most customs duties and VAT added tax value are expressed in percentage of the value of goods declared for import what it is necessary to have a standard set of rules to determine the value of property which will then be used to calculate the tariff.

Given the scale of EU imports each year, it is important that the value of this trade is accurately measured for the purpose of.
The collection of rights and duties; and.
These objectives are achieved using a single instrument - the rules on the customs value.
The EU applies an internationally accepted concept of customs value.

The value of imported goods is one of three tax components that provides the basis for assessment of the customs debt, which is the technical term for the amount of fees to be paid, the others being the origin of products and the tariff.
Products tested and certified to US regulations and US standards are likely to be retested and recertified to EU requirements because of different EU approaches to the protection of health and safety of consumers and environment Where the products are not regulated by specific technical legislation of the EU, they are still subject to the directive general safety of EU products, as well as any additional national requirements.
legislation and standards of the European Union created under the new approach is harmonized between Member States and the countries of the European Economic Area to allow the free movement of goods A feature of the new approach is the CE marking .
The concept of the new approach law is being slowly disappear the NLF NLF, which entered into force in January 2010, was set up to serve as model legislation marking current and future EC legislation existing been revised to bring them in line with NLF concepts which means that, from 2016, new requirements need to be addressed and new reference numbers should be used in compliance statements the date of application depends on the category products, for example, the new directive on electromagnetic compatibility EU 30 in 2014 replaced the existing law and became applicable on April 20, 2016.
Although harmonization of EU legislation can facilitate access to the single EU market, manufacturers should be aware that the regulation of mandatory and voluntary technical standards could also function as barriers to trade if US standards are different those of the European Union for more information on the FLN, go to.
The establishment of rules and the harmonized European standards in the food sector has been ongoing for several decades, but it took until January 2002 for the publication of a general food law on the general principles of food law EU this Regulation introduces mandatory traceability throughout the food and food chain 1 January 2005 for specific information on agricultural standards, please consult the Foreign agricultural Service website at.

There is also of import export guides available regulations and standards on the Foreign Agricultural Service website.
the establishment of EU standards is a process based on consensus initiated by industry or mandated by the European Commission and carried out by independent standards bodies, acting at national, European or international is strong encouragement for NGOs, such as the environment and consumer groups, to actively participate in European standardization.
Many standards in the EU are adopted by international standards organizations such as the International Organization for Standardization ISO's development of specific EU standards is provided by three European standardization bodies.
CEN, the European Committee for Standardization, treat all other standards.
CENELEC, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.

ETSI, the European Telecommunications Institute standards.
Standards are created or modified by experts in the work of technical committees or groups members of CEN and CENELEC are the national standards bodies of the member states, which have mirror committees that monitor and expert delegates to participate in standards normalization underway in CEN and CENELEC Europe are sold by individual Member States, ETSI standards bodies is different in that it allows direct participation in technical committees of non-European companies with interests in Europe and provides some its individual standards free of charge on its website besides the three editors standards organizations, the European Commission plays an important role in the normalization of the funding of participation in the standardization process of small and medium enterprises and non-governmental organizations, as environmental groups and consumed ators, the Commission also provides money to standardization bodies while mandating the development of standards to t he European Organization harmonized standards standards that are related to the mandates of the EU technical legislation or requests for standards - can be checked online.
Given the vigorous promotion of its regulatory system and EU standards, as well as its generous funding for its development, the system of EU standards is wide and deep - going far beyond political borders EU to include affiliate members who are hoping to become full members in the future such as Albania, Belarus, Israel and Morocco among others another category called partner standards body includes Mongolia's standardization body, Kazakhstan and Australia, which are not likely to become a member or affiliate of NEC for political and geographical reasons why.
To find out what the CEN and CENELEC in preparation for future standardization, it is best to visit their websites other than their annual work plans, NEC s what we do page provides an overview of activities Standards by subject CEN and CENELEC provide the ability to search their basic portal links ETSI respective data in ongoing activities.

The European standardization system and the strategy was revised in 2011 and 2012. The new regulation on standards 1025, adopted in November 2012, clarifies the relationship between the regulations and standards and confirms the role of the three European standardization bodies in development of harmonized EN standards emphasis is also placed on referring to international standards where possible, information, communication and ICT technology products, the importance of interoperability standards has been recognized by a newly created mechanism a committee report platform for the European Commission decide deliverables of fora and consortia might be acceptable for procurement specifications of the European standardization organizations were encouraged to improve efficiency in terms of delivery and look for ways to include more social stakeholders in European standardization.
Standards are created or modified by experts in the work of technical committees or groups members of CEN and CENELEC are the national standards bodies of Member States, which have mirrors committees that monitor and participate in European standardization in progress The German organization that compiles the standards is the Deutscher Industrie Normenausschuss - DIN German Institute for standardization, DIN also compiles the standards that define requirements for a GS mark since 1975, DIN was recognized by the German government as the national standards body and represents German interests at international and EU DIN offers a forum in which stakeholders meet to discuss and define their specific standardization needs and record the results as German DIN standard work is done by some 26,000 external experts servan Does voluntary delegates in more than 4,000 draft standards committees are published for public comment, and all co mments are reviewed before final publication of the standard Published standards are reviewed for continued relevance at least every five years, according to DIN standards, are designed to promote rationalization, quality assurance, safety and environmental protection, as well as improving communication between industry, technology, science, government, and the field public input from external experts in standardization is organized by standards committees and working groups Each Standards Committee is responsible for a separate area of ​​activity and coordinates standardization work corresponding to the European and international levels generally, the DIN standards committee includes a number of technical subcommittees There are currently 76 standards committees that maintain their own basic details of websites their field and a list of standards published in English the links to these committees are available on the website.
Conformity assessment is a required step for the manufacturer in the process of complying with the specific EU legislation for the purpose of conformity assessment is to ensure consistency of compliance at all stages, from design to production to facilitate the acceptance of the final product of European product legislation gives manufacturers some choices in terms of conformity assessment, according to the level of risk associated with the use of their product These range from self-certification, type examination and quality control system of production, full quality assurance conformity assessment bodies system in individual Member States are listed in the new notification approach and organizations designated NANDO information system.
Promote acceptance of the final product market, there are a number of voluntary conformity assessment program CEN certification system is known Keymark Neither CENELEC or ETSI provides assessment services conformity.

To sell products on the European market of 28 Member States plus Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland, exporting US are required to apply the CE mark every time their product is covered by the legislation law on specific CE products product offers manufacturers a number of choices and decisions required to determine which security health problems need to be addressed, that the conformity assessment module is best suited to the manufacturing process, and if or not used at EU level harmonized standards There is no easy way for uS exporters to understand and go through the marking process Ec, but we hope this section provides general information and clarification.
Products manufactured according to the standards adopted by CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, and refers to the Official Journal that the harmonized standards are presumed to comply with the requirements of EU directives The manufacturer then applies the CE mark and issues a statement compliance with them, the product will be allowed to move freely in the EU A manufacturer may choose not to use harmonized European standards, but must demonstrate that the product meets the requirements of security and performance trade barriers occur when design rather than performance, are developed by the relevant standards organization of European standardization, and where US companies can not access the standardization process by a European presence.
The CE marking addresses mainly to national supervisory authorities of the Member States, and its use simplifies the essential market surveillance task of regulated products as market surveillance flawed, the EU adopted the new legislative framework, entered into force in 2010 as mentioned earlier, this framework is a model for all the laws of ec marking, harmonization of definitions, responsibilities, European accreditation and market surveillance.
The CE mark is not intended to include detailed technical information on the product, but there must be enough information to allow the inspector to trace the product to the manufacturer or local contact established in the EU This detailed information will should not appear next to the CE mark, but rather on the declaration of conformity the manufacturer or agent must be able to provide at any time, as well as the technical file of the product or the accompanying documents.
testing laboratories and independent certification, known as notified bodies have been officially accredited by the national authorities to test and certify to EU requirements.
European Accreditation is an organization representing accreditation bodies nationally recognized Membership is open to recognized accreditation bodies at national level in the countries of the European geographical area that can demonstrate that they operate a compatible accreditation system with relevant standards and EN ISO IEC.

The German Accreditation Council DAR is a working group composed of representatives from federal government departments, ministries of the German Länder, as well as representatives of German industry, which was established in 1991.
The DAR coordinates activities in the field of accreditation and recognition of laboratories, certification and inspection bodies to the extent that they are represented in the DAR; It represents German interests in national, European and international organizations dealing with general issues of accreditation and recognition, including the areas of voluntary and mandatory KOGB DAR itself does not accreditations and recognitions.
All accreditation bodies represented in the DAR function on the basis of the series of standards EN 45000 EN ISO IEC 17000 and DAR resolutions courtesy of the RAF, so they can use DAR certificates for accreditation.
The Official Journal is the official publication of the European Union is published daily on the Internet and consists of two series covering legislation adopted and the case-studies by committees, and it also lists standards numbers reference related legislation.
National technical regulations are published on the Commission's Web site to allow other countries and interested parties to comment.
Technical regulations are published by the publishing house of DIN, Beuth Verlag.

National Institute of Standards and NIST U S inform service technology.
The WTO Trade World Organization member countries are obliged under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade TBT Agreement to report to the WTO all technical regulations that could affect trade with other member countries.
U S Notify is a free e-mail subscription service on the Web, which provides an opportunity to review and comment on proposed foreign technical regulations that may affect your access to international markets.
Marianne drain, fix standards, Tel 32 2 811 5034 Diana Dus, Standards Specialist, Tel 32 2 811 5001 Louis Fredricks, Commercial Assistant, Tel 32 2811 4194.
Dr. George W Arnold, Director Coordinating Bureau of Standards 100 Bureau Dr. PO Box 2100 Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Tel 301 975-5627 Website.
Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel 32 2550 August 11 Website.

CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.
ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute.
Fireflies Route 650 E 06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France Tel 33 4 92 94 42 00 Website.
4, Rue Jacques de Lalaing B-1040 Brussels Tel 32 2 285 27 July Site.
ANEC - European Association for the Coordination of Consumer Representation in Standardization.

ECOS European Environmental Citizens Organization for Standardization.
EOTA European Organization for the technical evaluation of construction products.
For a list of trade agreements with the EU and its Member States and concise explanations, please see.
The recognition of skills and qualifications acquired by EU citizens in the Member States, including the corresponding recognition and charges procedures are in correspondence with Article 165 TFEU, the responsibility of Member States Similarly, recognition of skills and credentials in third countries as a national responsibility.
However, the Commission takes initiatives to facilitate recognition procedures, for example.
The recognition of professional qualifications obtained in one Member State for the purposes of access to and exercise of regulated professions in another Member State is subject to Directive 2005 36.

The recognition of qualifications for academic purposes in the higher education sector, including certificates of graduation is subject to the Lisbon Convention The NARIC network provides advice on cross-border recognition of such qualifications.
The recognition in others is assessed and granted or denied by the education provider or employer to receive to be able to recognize the skills and understanding of the level qualifications, the content and quality is needed the Commission is currently examining the possibilities on how to better support these recognition decisions.
The website Your Europe maintains a website dedicated to helping people that regulated professions and what documents are required for recognition in each Member State Please see.
Safety and Security Amendment of the Customs Code - EC Regulation 648 of 2005.

Electronic Customs Initiative Decision No 2008 70 EC.
Modernized Community Customs Code Regulation EC 450, 2008.
Legislation on Electronic Customs Initiative.
The establishment of the Community Customs Code Regulation EC No 648 2005 of 13 April 2005.
CENELEC, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.
ETSI, the European Telecommunications Institute standards.

CEN, the European Committee for Standardization, treat all other standards.
Nando new approach and Notified organizations designated information system.
Standards The figures related to the legislation.

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