What is the power in Germany?
January 2017 The French economy is slowly improving, with slow growth and so slowly falling unemployment but expect big changes from June - as expected - Fillon Fran Fillon wins the presidential election promises Thatcher style overhaul of the French economy, to rid France May cumbersome and antiquated bits of legislation that have impeded growth and kept unemployment high for years if, at the same time, the UK is heading towards market exit single European Brexit option disk, moves to make the French economic environment more business is likely to be accelerated in order to encourage companies to relocate from the UK to France.
May 2016 The French government used the controversial Article 49 3 of the French Constitution, to introduce new laws of controversial work that provoked huge demonstrations by unions and unrest in many French schools The El Khomri Act is designed to reduce chronic unemployment rate in France, which grew unabated in the Netherlands Presidency and is located more than 10 One would imagine that a law to reduce unemployment get the full support of Socialist party in power; but the left wing of the party and the far left, is anchored to the old socialism, and see the new law as a betrayal of socialism The law is designed to release the French labor market hard constraints that discourage employers from hire currently all employers in a given industry are bound by collective agreements to the whole sector the new law will allow employers and employees to agree new terms on a company by opponents basic now see this as a massive attack on the rights of employees acquired will also make it easier for employers to fire workers, and give them more latitude to impose flexible working hours; see far left this as a new iconic attack week 35 hours from France, which is considered by many economists as one of the main factors contributing to the high level of unemployment in France The new law will bring employment conditions and working conditions in France more in line with other European countries, including Germany and Spain.
January 2016 France is the only major economy in Western Europe where unemployment continues to rise inexorably - to 10 8 of the workforce at the end of 2015 the President Hollande made a campaign promise to begin to reduce unemployment at the beginning of 2014, but he keeps in his rise new year 2016 message he promised that 2016 will start to see a drop in unemployment to price last fuel down and a slight decrease in payroll expenses of companies are expected to generate new jobs; but volatility on world markets and fears of a recession continues in the Chinese economy could counter this.
February 2015 Parliament votes Act Macron economy minister Emmanuel Macron - a socialist, but a former banker Rothschild - pushed through new measures to help the French economy to improve, but it is game changing nothing in the reforms They will Macron french stores to open up to 12 Sundays a year instead of 5, and allow stores in key tourist areas, such as areas of Paris, to make 7 7 and until midnight, they make a slow start to reform some of France bounded regulated professions, but powerful lobbies have derailed the reform of some of them despite its limited scope, the Macron law has caused massive controversy on the left of the Franch policy, had to be pushed by the French Parliament without a vote, using highly contested Article 49-3 of the Constitution the Macron French law follows other measures fa vourable companies adopted in 2014, including a reduction in employers' contributions to social insurance to zero for employees earning the minimum wa ge and a scheduled decrease high rates of corporate tax in France to 28 by 2020 but whereas these measures certainly reduce the cost of doing business in France, they are not the big bang that many in the business community are demanding.
December 2014 The new economy minister Emmanuel Macron announced the first steps in a series of projects to free the French economy are the winds of economic change really begin to blow in France.
The March 2014 unemployment reached a record of almost 3 35 million jobs in the primary election commitment of France President Hollande was to reduce the massive and persistent unemployment; but increased by about 140,000 since he took office in 2014. The public deficit was 4 3 of the GDP, which means that the government has missed its target of 4 1, and seems unlikely to reach EU objective of 3 imposed in 2015 public expenditure in France, among the highest levels in the world, reached 57 1 2013 figures INSEE - the french Government statistical Office.
The November 2013 the bole tax Ras taxation in France has obtained the analysis of the hand See French fiscal crisis in 2013.
There is a popular view, often seen or heard in the media that the French economy is in a way very different in its operation other modern economies France is sometimes portrayed as something close to a rogue economy where workers are constantly on strike, companies are held hostage to all powerful unions, and free enterprise is almost impossible Like most myths, the myth of thugs economy - largely perpetrated by people with an ax to grind, or by outside commentators who have never set foot in the country - has only little grounding in reality; but like all myths is a cartoon where the weaknesses are blown out of proportion, and forces swept under the carpet all its weaknesses - and strengths - the French economy is alive and well, and above average results in terms G20 Standard Poor's downgraded France to score the AAA to AA in January 2012, Moody's followed in November 2012, and Fitch, the third major rating agencies eventually downgraded the rating of France in July 2013.
Since 2013, there has been a consensus growing, even in France, the French economy is in the doldrums While President Hollande continues to reaffirm that things are better, few people in France believe; even positive figures are greeted with some skepticism that the situation fails to improve, there has been much introspection in France, the economic problems of the country in April 2013, the French news magazine Le Point published a problem head lazy French is displayed when the answer provided was a resounding yes - supported by international comparisons showing that a French work shorter hours than other major European economies 1,679 hours per year, against 1904 hours in Germany b retire earlier than other European economies Average retirement age 60 three years in France, against 62 6 in Germany, and 64 1 in the UK, and c they take more vacations than people in most other 36 major European vacation days per year, the same as the British, but 7 days the Germans point ends with the observation that the number of hours e work per year per capita in France total number of hours worked divided by the total population is among the lowest of any developed economy - 11 lower than in Germany, 22 less than in Scandinavia, and nearly 40 less than South Korea is not rocket science to this comparison is very worrying for the French economy a simple application of the essential economy, as first described by Adam Smith in the wealth of Nations there are more of 230 years, suggest that the French economy is in a very precarious situation, compared to other developed countries.
Comparing national economies according to the OECD, France in 2008 was the fifth largest economy, behind the United States, China, Japan and Germany, and just ahead of the United Kingdom but the economies of the rankings national in a table are not always as clear as it may seem in monetary terms, the relative value of national economies is affected by changes in exchange rates which are partly due to currency speculation, not economic performance to to evacuate the variable exchange rates in international economic comparisons, another way and objective comparison of the savings is to do power parity - a system that takes into account the cost of living in each country in terms of GDP gross domestic product at PPP rates France in 2008 was in 9th position, below the UK, Germany, India and Russia in terms of GDP per capita rate PPA, France will in the table of world ranking that includes micro nations such as San Marino, the Cayman Islands or Liechtenstein, Fr ance rose from 39th place in 2008 to 41st in 2009. When these micro-economies are excluded France is ranked 19th among major industrialized countries.
Yet all is not black While the French may work less than people in other countries, there are many in France who put in very long hours - including self-employed and compared with an hourly basis, instead of every year, the French productivity is high; in hourly terms, the French are more productive than the British and many other Europeans - the problem is that they don t work enough hours in the industrial sectors where France possesses world-class expertise and labor contractor eager to ensure that contracts continue to arrive, sectors such as aerospace and shipbuilding, the perceived shortcomings of the French economy does not seem to limit the performance in early 2016, the largest cruise ship in the world was nearing completion in the shipyards of Saint-Nazaire, and an order came for two megaliners; A few weeks later, a French company defense won a contract to build 12 submarines for the Australian Navy, the face of strong international and Airbus competition, the European aircraft manufacturer, has its headquarters and main facility in Toulouse, the assembling the largest airliner in the world the A380 and other successful models.
Like all developed economies, France has suffered since 2007 from the effects of the global recession; but the effects in France were partially cushioned by a more conservative banking and investment sector and by state intervention in the economy of tradition Moreover, France is the world leader in terms of the proportion of the workforce employed in the public sector 25 jobs in 2005 - few of them have been affected by the economic downturn While the French economy did not run out of control as the economies of Greece, Italy , Spain and Portugal, there are many in France who fear that if another European economy was Falter, it will be France that did not happen, and given the undeniable strengths that the French economy without probably will not happen but it will depend on how the political will, it is to get the French economy back on track and make new competitive globally So far the political will fl particularly in France unforthcoming perhaps, over the last thirty years, the great misfortune of the French economy was the singular failure of France, both left and right political leaders, to take account of the signs warning, like France endemically high unemployment rates the last time a french government balanced the books was in 1980, under Prime Minister Raymond Barre, professor of economics since, even though deficits were mounting, governments continued to tax more and spend more, to the point where public spending in France has reached the level of 55 9 of GDP in 2010 - compared to 49 for the UK and 45 6 Germany OECD figures a level significantly higher than any other major economy even under the presidency of Sarkozy, a conservative president who promised to reform french instutions and revive the economy Again, very little has been done as all recent French presidents Nicolas Sarkozy fear of facing too many interest groups, has not taken strong steps to reduce deficits and control public expenditure Then he had the strength to push through unpopular ref ORM retirement, and try to reduce the cost of government, he took no drastic measures that the French economy needs if it is to start moving in the right direction again including major and unpopular reforms of legislation french labor that will be fought tooth and nail by the unions, a nine Byzantine-depth and complete the system of local government at several levels of France, which will be fought tooth and nail by all who have an interest in keeping their little local power, and a sharp decline in France's generous social security benefits to be fought by unions and by all those who benefit from the current system of largesse Reforming France is very hard - to the point where some say that nothing less than a new French revolution is necessary in July 2013, the IMF has cautiously welcomed the efforts Holland made by the government to bring down deficits and revive the French economy; but this was qualified by a warning that more must be done to reduce public spending rather than increase taxes Hollande promised to go easy on taxes, to avoid additional burden to place non-competitive of French industry; but there are those in the administration who do not see the priorities in the same light.
In many sectors, the French economy is among the strongest in the world France is among the major industrial economies in the automotive, aerospace and railway sectors as well as in cosmetics, luxury goods , insurance, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, energy, defense, agriculture and hospitality France is also the leading tourist destination in the world at least in terms of numbers, but not in terms of French companies operate tourism spending worldwide; they run some of the big red London bus and train and bus services throughout Europe, they run supermarkets on four continents, including more than 200 hypermarkets in China, they produce certain pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and dairy products people use in their daily lives in the world; and much more Concerning the labor market, France has one of the highest levels of graduates and the highest number of science graduates per 1000 workers in all European countries in the years following the Second World war, the French economy has developed massively in a largely agrarian economy with more than 40 of the population still living on earth in a modern industrial economy with coprorations world class and business leaders in 1945 - 1975, known as the Thirty glorious, the French economy has grown an average of 4 1 Place GDP per capita, much faster than the US or UK but slower than Germany or Japan the French state - which for most of that time was in the hands of conservatives - have played an active role in the implementation of a series of four years Plans Plan Contracts, by which the State has set economic objectives and economic priorities, but left to private enterprise to obtain or apply, for example, the rapid development of the highway network Fre NCH has been reached and is still provided by public investments offset through the sale of long-term concessions to private companies or semi-private to operate and maintain them between 1945 and 1986, de Gaulle's political leaders a socialist Mitterrand Conservative engaged in a policy of nationalization and the intervention of State for de Gaulle, nationalization was seen as a tool for economic development, ensuring a stable environment for key sectors of the French economy, but also to ensure the support of his opponents on the left carmaker Renault was nationalized by de Gaulle in 1945 as much to help him recover from the war, to appease the opposi Communist tion and unions to Mitterrand, nationalization was ideological in his first presidency, in 1981, Mitterrand launched a series of nationalizations in a range of different sectors, including banking, insurance and pharmaceuticals, however, for his second presidency, he advocated the famous neither-nor do doctri or neither doctrine nor nationalization, nor to propose privatization in fact, it was a way to admit the failure of its previous policy; during the second presidency, France has undertaken a wholescale privatization policy, which continued during the Chirac presidency, reaching its zenith under the government of socialist Prime Minister Lionel Jospin But beyond the question of nationalization or privatization, the French state of Mitterrand maintained a higher -Average capacity to intervene in economic affairs, remains a significant shareholder in utilities such as EDF where it holds a majority stake, and France Telecom orange, in which he held a 27 because of its practical approach to economic management, France has been able to make remarkable economic achievements Among the most visible of these is the successful global leader in France in the field of railway infrastructure France was the first country to propose, plan and implement a dedicated high-speed network f erroviaire; Today, the country boasts the second largest high-speed rail network after Spain, one that takes place without interruption of the North Sea to the Mediterranean and east-west near the German border to the lower parts of the intervention Loire state of the world in the automotive sector has helped Renault to become a global player; the French government still owns 15 Renault, which in turn is the largest investor almost 45 Nissan When it comes down to hard facts, critics of state intervention in the French economy must caution.
Paradoxically, the extent of the involvement of the French state in the economy has proved to be one of its main weaknesses, as well as one of its main assets in the last decades, the development of favors from the state and assistance in certain economic sectors and the cost of major infrastructure and social services programs, led to a considerable increase in the budget of the french government to fund its programs, the french government, like all others had to resort to higher taxes; but in France, more than the usual amount of this taxation fell on companies, rather than individuals of French companies currently burdened by higher global tax on payroll social security contributions, which in 43 are much higher than in any other country the highest following rates in Spain and the Czech Republic 30, so that companies in the UK pay a contribution NI payroll tax of just 11, and those in the United States alone 5 in a global economy, the disparity is damaging for French industry, and is one of the causes of endemic high unemployment seen in France He also led the French economy to suffer from the relocation, the export of jobs and the ability of production to low-wage countries, until recently, that the burden of employer payroll taxes is almost four times higher than that of NI contributions in the UK has not paralyzed French industry of how advocates low payroll taxes would imagine; But the signs are that change in mid 2012, the French auto giant Peugeot has announced a major staff reduction program, including the elimination of 8,000 jobs in France with total hourly labor costs in France now running 2 to 34 per hour, among the highest in Europe Eurostat source and more than any other major industrialized economy, the prospects are not good, especially with the new set of socialist government to increase the overall cost of labor rather than reduce the high tax burdens are particularly felt by small businesses but many cons-measures were introduced by successive governments to offset their effect; these include lower tax levels on the payroll of workers paid the minimum wage, tax breaks for hiring young employees or apprentices, helpers for employers in some high unemployment regions, and more in all there are dozens of types of aid available to businesses and that is a problem in itself, like finding the way in the labyrinth can be a daunting task the system needs to employ hundreds of employees only for administration simplification is one of the applications most frequently heard made by small businesses in France the high level of corporate taxation in France is logically one of the main causes of the fall of the French industry competitiveness world market, and its trade deficit fgrowing These in turn contribute to France systemic problem of the rights of employees c Homage high - but a great advantage of the employee's point of view - are considered another weakness of the French system, particularly by employers in many aspects of French social systems are drivers ed by complex management arrangements involving the state, management and unions - collectively the social partners Although fewer than 10 workers in France are owned by much less than in the UK or the US unions, unions wield considerable power through their role as social partners so, over the years, successive french governments of left and right have given the union demands to purchase the stability and popularity the result is a system that allows employees in France benefit from a high level of employment protection and guaranteed pay levels in large companies it is not too much of a Behavior e; but in small business employers are often reluctant to create jobs for fear of being unable to ask new employees without substantial penalties Alternatively, they outsource the work to foreign suppliers rather than employing local staff, or use of temporary contracts rather than offering permanent full-time jobs this also depresses wages all that is bad for employment, since in all developed economies, it is the small businesses that create most new jobs.
Finally, we come to these two great myths of the French economy; one that the French are always on strike, and b the French work less than other nations were constantly If the workers strike nation, it would be a serious economic disadvantage; Fortunately, this is not the case in France, and commentators who suggest otherwise are simply doing things According to the 2008 IMD survey, France continues to lose fewer strike days per 1,000 population 3 67 days it either in the United Kingdom 10 06 or the United States May 67 the problem in France is that strikes are very visible because they tend to be concentrated in the major public services and lead to major protests and demonstrations in Paris a few hundred yards offices of most major TV channels of the world, news agencies, correspondents of newspapers and other news providers When the strike of French officials, the world knows everything Conversely the world never hears much the vast majority of employees in France who never go on strike as for the perception that french workers work far less than their counterparts in Other countries, this is not always the case, it is certainly true in some areas, particularly in the public sector and large industries; but it is quite true in other According to the International Labor Organization, management level employees in France working in the longest hours in Europe almost 10 longer than in the UK, while the labor works slightly below the European average, comparable hours put workers in Sweden, but more than workers in the Netherlands, Norway and Denmark in 2012 OECD figures also show that labor productivity in France in terms of GDP per hour worked is among the highest in Europe exceeded by the Benelux countries and Ireland, and only slightly lower than that of the USA Thanks to this, France has so far managed to stay great exporting nation and one of the top six economies in the world while holding this position will not be easy, and exports of manufactured goods in France were down act ually at a rate alraming Ultimately, perhaps the main perceived weakness of the French economy is that it is absolutely not work on the same lines as what the French call the Anglo economies -Saxon This only not inherently less success, just different but not so different France is home to many companies worldwide; it has its millionaires and entrepreneurs, many of the best business schools in Europe, rich and poor, but the gap between rich and poor are not as blatant as in other countries, the French want to keep this the french way - as a nation - state and believe in strong state intervention although they complain about high taxes, and that complaints are to become in 2013, they do it more and more common for less people in other countries, and generally accept that it is a necessity required to pay for their excellent state of well-being, for example, they would rise up in rebellion as citizens UK or almost any other Western country if any government suggested the system to restrict the public health care in order to reduce taxes.
Since 2007, France and other countries had to adapt to the new global economic realities therefore done through measures to modernize its economy; but modernization in France is often a difficult process, the Sarkozy government has become unpopular in part, but not exclusively through his reform programs, which do not go well with many French voters, especially those who have been lost France suffered less than the UK and other major economies of the economic recession in 2007; but three years later he was also slower bouncing the Sarkozy government, while undertaking some reforms, such as raising the retirement age, has not been seriously struggling with the problems the most urgent of the French economy on the one hand an excessively high level of taxation, and secondly - in large part because the first problem - the falling competitiveness of French companies in the international market in mid 2012, the new set of socialist government to work, the economy was slow, and deficits remained high chair Fran Hollande promised to balance the 2017 budget, but for now the national debt of France continued to increase and there was a lot of skepticism among analysts about whether Holland would be able to meet the challenge the first measures announced by the new government, like the rear part bearing the retirement age to 60 for those who worked at least 41 years, and the creation of new jobs in the public education sector were seen in many quar TERs as more likely to damage the economy of France that boost a year in labor, Holland did not take radical measures to reduce unemployment and restore French competitiveness a deficit reduction program was announced, but with half the forthcoming reduction in increase taxes, most of them business, many economists were underwhelmed shy reduction in public spending that has been announced, but that upset tax Holland and pass from the left, could not produce the stimulus that required French economy, and unemployment has continued to rise, the French industry continued to suffer, and the green shoots of recovery remained desperately little and lo In between the unexpected increase 0 5 of French GDP in the second quarter of 2013 is attributable to consumer spending and government spending, not increase production, and many analysts fear it will not be supported A however year later, the removal of several left-wingers most radical of his government, Holland moved hesitantly, but certainly to a new economic policy after the first appointment social democratic reform Manuel Valls as prime minister, he then selected the banker of a former Rothschild, Emmanuel Macron, as minister of the economy, with the mission to get the economy of France on track and be able to compete more successfully on the international market proposals Macron provoked howls of protest from leftists, and had to be pushed into the law, despite the Parliament; but they have become the law, even if they were slightly sweetened Then in 2016 new labor laws were adopted, again without the consent of parliament is possible under the French Constitution The overdue reform, but fundamental the french economy has begun It is likely to intensify in the second half of 2017 in the first month followng the next presidential and legislative elections french how fast, and how major changes can be depend on who forms the next french government.
The budget deficit or deficit the amount by which the annual expenses of a government exceeds its annual income.
GDP gross domestic product the total value of the economy ie the wealth produced by working or investing in a country in a year GDP is measured either as a total global GDP, the size of a economy, or GDP per person per capita national debt an indicator at a given moment in time, it is the value of money owed by a government to all its creditors, both Servicing at national or international level debt, ie pay interest on the money he owes, is a major item of expenditure in the budgets of many countries.
The strengths of the French economy and weaknesses, French, economics, strengths, weaknesses.